Fig. 2
From: On the predictive utility of animal models of osteoarthritis
Drug development pipeline showing the translational phases (T1 to T4) from basic science discovery through to measurement of impact on population health. Failure of drug development programs can occur at all stages, but the major reasons differ with translational phase. **Efficacy failure is primarily due to poor biological rationale for the clinical trial: target linkage to disease not established or no validated models available (40Â %) and indication selected does not fit the strongest preclinical evidence (20Â %) [8]. 1[8], 2[142], 3[143], 4[144]