|
Ardiç et al. (2007) [37]
|
N = 31
|
RCT
|
ACR 1990
|
Balneotherapy
|
Usual care
|
N/A
|
CRP, IL-1α, PGE2, LTB4, RF, ESR
|
No declaration of the changes to serum CRP levels between pre- and post-intervention
|
|
Mean age:
|
(n = 12)
|
(n = 9)
|
2 time points
|
|
43.5 ± 10.2 years (balneotherapy)
|
3 weeks
|
3 weeks
|
(before and at the end of therapy)
|
|
48.8 ± 8.8 years (usual care)
|
5 days per week
|
Healthy
|
serum
|
|
43.4 ± 8.2 years (healthy)
|
20 minutes each
|
(n = 10)
|
|
Gender:
|
|
female only
|
|
Ortega et al. (2009) [28]
|
N = 27
|
Non-RCT (pilot)
|
ACR
|
Patients
|
Healthy
|
N/A
|
CRP, IL-1β, IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-8,
|
The concentrations of serum CRP in FM patients were significantly higher than in the healthy control group between pre- and post-exercise (p <0.05)
|
|
Age range:
|
(unspecified year)
|
(n = 14)
|
(n = 13)
|
IL-6, IL-4, IL-10, NA, cortisol
|
|
30–60 years (patients)
|
Pool-aquatic exercise
|
2 time points
|
After 4 months of exercise, the level of serum CRP in FM patients decreased compared to the baseline level (p <0.05)
|
|
28–55 years (healthy)
|
4 months
|
(before and 2 days after finishing the exercise)
|
|
Gender:
|
3 days per week
|
|
female only
|
60 minutes each
|
serum
|
|
Ortega et al. (2012) [29]
|
N = 18
|
Non-RCT
|
ACR 1990
|
Patients
|
Healthy
|
N/A
|
CRP, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10
|
The concentrations of serum CRP in FM patients were significantly higher than in the healthy control group across the study interval (p <0.01)
|
|
Age range:
|
(n = 9)
|
(n = 9)
|
3 time points
|
|
30–60 years (patients)
|
Pool-aquatic exercise
|
(before, midway through: 4 months and at the end of program: 8 months)
|
After 8 months of exercise, the level of serum CRP in FM patients decreased compared to the baseline level (p <0.05)
|
|
28–55 years (healthy)
|
8 months
|
|
Gender:
|
twice a week
|
(samples were collected 2 days after finishing the last session of the exercise) serum
|
|
female only
|
60 minutes each
|
|
Senna et al. (2012) [30]
|
N = 83
|
RCT
|
ACR 1990
|
Dietary weight loss
|
Usual care
|
N/A
|
CRP, IL-6
|
The levels of serum CRP in the intervention group were significantly lower than the usual care group after 6 months of intervention (p <0.01), although there were no significant differences between the two groups at baseline
|
|
Mean age:
|
(N = 41)
|
(n = 42)
|
2 time points
|
|
44.8 ± 13.6 years (intervention)
|
6 months
|
6 months
|
(baseline and after 6 months of intervention)
|
|
(BMI 32.3 ± 1.4)
|
1200 kcal/day
|
serum
|
|
46.3 ± 14.4 years (usual care)
|
(with 15–20 % of energy intake in the form of protein, 50–55 % in the form of carbo-hydrates, and approximately 30 % in the form of fat divided in three meals)
| |
|
(BMI 32.8 ± 1.4)
|
|
Gender:
|
|
male 9.8 %, female 90.2 % (intervention) male 9.5 %, female 90.5 % (usual care)
|
|
Menzies et al. (2014) [31]
|
N = 64
|
RCT
|
ACR 1990
|
Guided imagery
|
Usual care
|
N/A
|
CRP, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, GM-
|
There were no statistically significant differences between the intervention and control groups in the levels of plasma CRP at baseline, 6 weeks or 10 weeks
|
|
Mean age:
|
(n = 30)
|
(n = 34)
|
CSF, IL-12, IL-17, IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1β,
|
|
44.5 ± 13.1 years (guided imagery)
|
10 weeks
|
10 weeks
|
IL-6, IL-7, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, G-CSF
|
The levels of plasma CRP for all of the participants were elevated but demonstrated little variation from baseline to 6 weeks or to 10 weeks (4.27, 4.57, 4.55 mg/L, respectively)
|
|
49.1 ± 12.4 years (Usual care)
|
use CD tracks at least once a day
|
3 time points
|
|
Gender:
|
For the first 6 weeks, listen to the three
|
(baseline, week 6, week 10) plasma
|
|
female only
|
CD tracks (each one CD in 2 weeks).
|
|
For the last 4 weeks, listen to the tracks in any order
|
