Fig. 1

NF-κB pathway activation in a RA synovial fibroblast cell. Proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, activate the cell signaling pathway associated with NF-κB, including activation of IκK, phosphorylation and inactivation of Iκβ, and translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus. NF-κB decoy ODNs can prevent translocation of the transcription factor, as well as subsequent transcription of NF-κB-dependent genes. IκB inhibitor of NF-κB, IL interleukin, NF-κB nuclear factor kappa-light chain enhancer of activated B cells