Table 2 Characteristics of OA patients by willingness to undergo TKR
From: Determinants of patient preferences for total knee replacement: African-Americans and whites
|  | Not willing (n = 208) | Willing (n = 585) | P valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographic Characteristics | Â | Â | Â |
 Race, n (%) African-American | 106 (51.0) | 176 (30.1) | <0.001 |
 Age, mean ± SD, years | 62.88 ± 10.64 | 62.28 ± 8.87 | 0.467 |
Education, n (%) | Â | Â | 0.008 |
 ≤High School or GED | 115 (55.3) | 254 (43.4) | |
 Post-secondary/Associates/Bachelors | 69 (33.2) | 219 (37.4) | |
 graduate degree | 22 (10.6) | 109 (18.6) | |
Income, n (%) | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 <$10,000 | 39 (21.3) | 76 (14.1) | |
 $10,000-$19,999 | 56 (30.6) | 97 (18.0) | |
 $20,000-$29,999 | 21 (11.5) | 88 (16.3) | |
 $30,000-$39,999 | 19 (10.4) | 48 (8.9) | |
 $40,000-$49,999 | 16 (8.7) | 47 (8.7) | |
 ≥$50,000 | 32 (17.5) | 183 (34) | |
Employment status, n (%) | Â | Â | 0.006 |
 Full time | 40 (19.2) | 174 (29.9) | |
 Part time | 17 (8.2) | 57 (9.8) | |
 Unemployed | 34 (16.3) | 48 (8.3) | |
 Disabled | 40 (19.2) | 92 (15.8) | |
 Retired | 77 (37.0) | 210 (36.1) | |
Health insuranceb, n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
 Medicare | 93 (46.3) | 227 (40.8) | 0.181 |
 Medicaid | 37 (19.0) | 78 (14.2) | 0.114 |
 Private/group | 81 (42.0) | 292 (52.9) | 0.009 |
 No insurance | 14 (7.6) | 19 (3.5) | 0.021 |
 Recruitment site, n (%) non-Veterans Affairs | 196 (94.2) | 543 (92.8) | 0.2247 |
Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs | Â | Â | Â |
 Religiosity, mean ± SD | 10.19 ± 3.78 | 9.59 ± 4.00 | 0.053 |
Knowledge of TKR: familiarity, n (%) yes | |||
 Heard about hip/knee surgery | 158 (76.7) | 458 (79.0) | 0.497 |
 Family or friend who had hip/knee surgery | 160 (76.9) | 498 (85.1) | 0.007 |
 Good understanding of knee replacement | 106 (51.0) | 365 (64.9) | 0.001 |
Knowledge of TKR: risks and benefits | |||
How often death from knee replacement, n (%) | Â | Â | 0.257 |
 Never | 29 (14.7) | 75 (13.4) |  |
 Extremely rare | 134 (67.7) | 406 (72.2) |  |
 Sometimes | 32 (16.2) | 79 (14.1) |  |
 Often | 3 (1.5) | 2 (0.4) |  |
How long in hospital after knee replacement, n (%) | Â | Â | 0.023 |
 1 to 3 days | 57 (28.2) | 199 (34.6) |  |
 4 to 7 days | 79 (39.1) | 250 (43.5) |  |
 1 to 2 weeks | 45 (22.3) | 84 (14.6) |  |
 >2 weeks | 21 (10.4) | 42 (7.3) |  |
How long to recover from knee replacement, n (%) | Â | Â | 0.378 |
 <2 weeks | 1 (0.5) | 3 (0.5) |  |
 2 weeks to 1 month | 9 (4.5) | 30 (5.2) |  |
 1 to 2 months | 44 (22.1) | 140 (24.3) |  |
 2 to 6 months | 78 (39.2) | 233 (40.4) |  |
 6 to 12 months | 50 (25.1) | 146 (25.3) |  |
 >12 months | 17 (8.5) | 25 (4.3) |  |
How much pain after recovery, n (%) | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 None | 17 (8.5) | 87 (15.4) |  |
 A little | 74 (37.0) | 267 (47.2) |  |
 A moderate amount | 98 (49.0) | 205 (36.2) |  |
 An extreme amount | 11 (5.5) | 7 (1.2) |  |
How much difficulty walking after recovery, n (%) | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 None | 14 (6.9) | 120 (21.0) |  |
 A little | 98 (48.0) | 306 (53.5) |  |
 A moderate amount | 84 (41.2) | 134 (23.4) |  |
 An extreme amount | 8 (3.9) | 12 (2.1) |  |
 Expectations of TKR, mean ± SD | 44.48 ± 17.26 | 53.40 ± 13.90 | <0.001 |
TKR utilization process, n (%) yes | |||
 Doctor ever discussed surgery | 65 (31.6) | 213 (36.5) | 0.204 |
 Referred to arthritis specialist | 67 (33.0) | 172 (29.9) | 0.404 |
 Referred to surgeon | 101 (49.3) | 268 (47.0) | 0.580 |
 Doctor recommended surgery | 47 (22.8) | 130 (22.4) | 0.906 |
Trust in physicians, mean ± SD | 38.62 ± 6.75 | 39.77 ± 6.65 | 0.034 |
Trust in healthcare system, mean ± SD | 26.11 ± 6.17 | 25.32 ± 5.55 | 0.090 |