GC-associated comorbidities
|
Musculoskeletal
|
Osteoporosis, avascular necrosis, myopathy
|
Endocrine/metabolic
|
Diabetes
|
Cardiovascular
|
Hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, cardiovascular diseases (myocardial infarction, angina, stroke)
|
Gastrointestinal
|
Peptic ulcer disease, pancreatitis
|
Psychological/behavioural
|
Depression, psychosis, insomnia
|
Inflammatory comorbidities
|
Respiratory
|
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, lower respiratory tract infections
|
Skin diseases
|
Atopic eczema, cutaneous vasculitis, cutaneous lupus
|
Gastrointestinal diseases
|
Inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease)
|
DMARDs
|
Methotrexate
| |
Sulfasalazine
| |
Hydroxychloroquine
| |
Leflunomide
| |
Other DMARDs
|
Cyclosporine, azathioprine, penicillamine, chloroquine, gold
|