Fig. 2

Ex vivo monocyte adhesive and migratory properties. Increased expression (represented as fold change of delta median fluorescent intensity) of monocyte surface markers CCR2, CD11c and CD18 in RA subjects with anti-TNF treatment (n = 20) versus RA patients with DMARDs (n = 16) and controls (n = 20) (a). Assessment of transendothelial migratory capacity showed a concomitant increase in number of transmigrated cells (represented as a white arrow in (b)) (c). Data are means + SEM (for each subject, transmigrated cells are calculated of independent counts of five frames of view). * = p < 0.05, ** = p < 0.01. DMARD disease-modifying antirheumatic drug, MFI median fluorescence intensity, RA rheumatoid arthritis, TNF tumor necrosis factor