Table 1 Histological analysis of matrix substance and proteoglycans (aggrecan, decorin, and versican) for collagen loss in knee cartilage of VDDef, VDSuff, and VDSupp swine
Swine group | Alcian blue staining | Safranin-O and Fast Green staining | Modified Russell-Movat pentachrome staining (blue-green/yellow) | Aggrecan+ cells/mm2 | Decorin+ cells/mm2 | Versican+ cells/mm2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VDDef | ||||||
 1 | 3 | 0 | 3/4 | 4.72 ± 0.84 | 12.16 ± 1.39 | 5.06 ± 1.23 |
 2 | 1 | 0 | 2/4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 3 | 2 | 0 | 3/3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 4 | 2 | 2 | 3/4 | 18.51 ± 4.42 | 11.29 ± 0.41 | 10.4 ± 1.25 |
 5 | 2 | 3 | 3/4 | 20.58 ± 2.85 | 11.16 ± 1.69 | 8.34 ± 0.52 |
VDSuff | ||||||
 1 | 5 | 2 | 2/4 | 31.95 ± 4.23 | 56.22 ± 2.88 | 28.11 ± 1.90 |
 2 | 2 | 2 | 4/2 | 20.18 ± 2.88 | 17.54 ± 3.01 | 13.38 ± 1.51 |
 3 | 2 | 3 | 3/3 | 18.5 ± 1.5 | 18.97 ± 3.56 | 17.98 ± 1.20 |
 4 | 2 | 5 | 3/1 | 51.18 ± 2.59 | 19.46 ± 3.3 | 20.90 ± 3.14 |
 5 | 5 | 3 | 4/1 | 63.79 ± 8.19 | 29.85 ± 2.27 | 15.37 ± 1.5 |
VDSupp | ||||||
 1 | 4 | 3 | 5/1 | 36.95 ± 3.48 | 15.78 ± 0.67 | 19.26 ± 1.69 |
 2 | 4 | 4 | 5/1 | 27.54 ± 1.87 | 10.57 ± 2.2 | 9.61 ± 2.31 |
 3 | 4 | 4 | 5/2 | 28.74 ± 1.88 | 11.05 ± 1.1 | 8.41 ± 1.81 |