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Table 1 Clinical and immunological features of the 441 included patients

From: Antibodies against carbamylated proteins and cyclic citrullinated peptides in systemic lupus erythematosus: results from two well-defined European cohorts

Patient characteristics

Discovery cohort (n = 236)

Replication cohort (n = 205)

Mann–Whitney U test or chi-square test, p value

Background variables

 Female, % (n)

88% (207)

89% (183)

N.S.

 Age, years, median (range)

54 (19–94)

42 (13–80)

<0.001

 Disease duration, years, median (range)

15 (0–52)

8 (0–32)

<0.001

 Caucasian ethnicity, % (n)

93% (219)

69% (142)

<0.001

 Conventional radiology available, % (n)

43% (102)

N.A.

 

 Erosions on x-ray, % (n)

4.2% (10)a

N.A.

 

 HAQ score (median, range)

0.13 (0-3)

N.A.

 

 Ever smoker (former or current), % (n)

45% (107)

43% (88)

N.S.

 Meeting ACR-82, % (n)

85% (201)

91% (188)

0.038

 Meeting SLICC-12, % (n)

99% (233)

99% (203)

N.S.

Clinical phenotypes (SLICC-12 definitions on criteria 1 − 11), % (n)

 1) Acute cutaneous lupus

45% (106)

53% (108)

N.S.

 2) Chronic cutaneous lupus

15% (36)

18% (36)

N.S.

 3) Oral ulcers

12% (29)

32% (66)

<0.001

 4) Non-scarring alopecia

22% (51)

19% (39)

N.S.

 5) Synovitis

76% (180)

70% (143)

N.S.

 6) Serositis

37% (87)

23% (48)

0.003

  Pleuritis

35% (83)

18% (37)

<0.001

  Pericarditis

14% (34)

14% (28)

N.S.

 7) Renal

28% (66)

26% (53)

N.S.

 8) Neurologic

11% (26)

22% (44)

0.004

  Seizures

4.2% (10)

5.4% (11)

N.S.

  Psychosis

1.7% (4)

4.4% (9)

N.S.

  Mononeuritis multiplex

0.4% (1)

0% (0)

N.S.

  Myelitis

0.4% (1)

2.9% (6)

N.S.

  Peripheral or cranial neuropathy

5.1% (12)

8.3% (17)

N.S.

  Acute confusional state

0.8% (2)

2% (4)

N.S.

 9) Haemolytic anaemia

4.7% (11)

5.9% (12)

N.S.

 10) Leukopenia and/or lymphopenia

52% (122)

30% (62)

<0.001

 11) Thrombocytopenia

12% (28)

18% (37)

N.S.

 Raynaud

26% (61)

40% (82)

0.002

 Interstitial lung disease

3.5% (8)

3.4% (7)

N.S.

Immunological features (SLICC-12 definitions on criteria 1 to 6), % (n)

 1) Antinuclear antibody (ANA)

100% (236)

100% (205)

N.S.

 2) Anti-dsDNA antibody (anti-dsDNA)

50% (118)

56% (115)

N.S.

 3) Anti-Smith antibody (anti-Sm)

8.1% (19)

10% (21)

N.S.

 4) Antiphospholipid antibody

59% (139)

44% (90)

0.002

  Lupus anticoagulant

35% (69)b

32% (65)

N.S.

  Anti-cardiolipin antibody

34% (80)

24% (49)

0.027

  Anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibody

26% (62)

18% (27)c

N.S.

 5) Low complement

53% (124)

50% (102)

N.S.

 6) Direct Coombs test

56% (59)d

23% (38)e

<0.001

 Anti-small nuclear ribonucleoprotein antibody (anti-snRNP)

37% (88)

17% (35)

<0.001

 Anti-Ro/Sjögren’s syndrome A antibody (SSA)

37% (88)

42% (87)

N.S.

 Anti-La/Sjögren’s syndrome B antibody (SSB)

28% (66)

13% (27)

<0.001

 Anti-cyclic citrulline peptide antibody (anti-CCP)f

6.8% (16)

5.4% (11)

N.S.

 Anti-carbamylated protein antibody (anti-CarP)

9.8% (23)

8.3% (17)

N.S.

 Rheumatoid factorf

25% (26)d

15% (31)

0.046

  1. aCalculated in 236 patients. bData available on 195 patients. cData available on 148 patients. dData available on 107 patients. eData available on 164 patients. fNot performed with identical assays. HAQ health assessment questionnaire, ACR American College of Rheumatology, SLICC Systemic Lupus Erythematosus International Collaborating Clinics, ANA antinuclear antibodies, dsDNA double-stranded DNA, N.A. not applicable, N.S. not significant
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Arthritis Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1478-6362

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