Identification of potential saliva and tear biomarkers in primary Sjögren’s syndrome, utilising the extraction of extracellular vesicles and proteomics analysis

Table 2 Characterisation of EVs in saliva and tear fluid

^aNanoparticle tracking analysis was conducted on extracellular vesicles (EV) joint fractions from whole saliva (n = 19 patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS), n = 32 controls), tear fluid (n = 7 patients with pSS, n = 6 controls), and one pooled tear sample (n = 11 patients with pSS, n = 5 controls) to determine mean particle size of microvesicles and exosomes (nm ± SEM), in addition to concentrations of EVs (particles/ml ± SEM).^bDetection of CD9+ EVs from joint fractions of saliva (n = 19 patients with pSS, n = 32 controls), tear fluid (n = 11 patients with pSS, n = 10 controls), and one pooled tear sample (n = 11 patients with pSS, n = 5 controls) was performed by immunoaffinity capture using anti-CD9-coated magnetic beads followed by flow cytometry analysis. The results were reported as signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios of median fluorescence intensity (MFI). *Significant difference between patients with pSS and controls (unpaired t test, p < 0.05)

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