Table 4 Summary of publications reporting associations between ANAs and various cardiovascular and metabolic disorders and death
Author/year | Country | Study design | Sample size | Participants’ age, mean ± SD | Outcome | Method used to measure the outcome | Main findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sedaghat et al. 2014 [3] | Iran | Patient-based | 140 | 56.4 ± 10.8 | Ischemic heart disease, comparison of ANA positivity between patients with acute coronary syndrome and chronic stable angina | Coronary angiography | ANA positivity higher in patients with chronic stable angina; association with severity of coronary stenotic lesions |
Chou et al. 2011 [4] | China | Patient-based | 13,345 | 11.4 ± 5.0 | Risk of death | National Death Registry | High titer of ANAs associated with increased risk of death |
Heras et al. 2010 [11] | Greece | Patient-based | 70 (type 1 diabetes) 28 (type 2 diabetes) 20 (control) | 34.0 ± 9.1 64.0 ± 9.5 45.0 ± 16.2 | Diabetes | Not mentioned | ANA positivity higher in type 1 diabetes than in healthy individuals |
Gonzalez et al. 2008 [10] | Canary Islands | Community-based | 702 | Not reported | Obesity | Anthropometric measurements (BMI, waist circumference, waist/height ratio) | Inverse association with obesity in women, no association in men |
Ishikawa et al. 2008 [25] | Japan | Community-based | 2875 | 63.0 ± 10.0 | Microalbuminuria, BMI, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia | Almost all outcomes measured | Bivariate analysis: no association between BMI, diabetes, hypertension and ANA positivity |
Liang et al. 2009 [9] | USA | Patient-based | 7852 | 47.5 ± 17.0 | Myocardial infarction, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease and risk of death | Medical records | ANAs associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and mortality |