Table 1 Characteristics of the study subjects
Characteristics | Patients with SLE (n = 261) | Control subjects (n = 261) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, years, mean (SD) | 47.6 (14.8) | 47.8 (14.7) | ns |
Sex, male/female | 19/242 | 14/262 | ns |
Smoker, % | 18.5 | 14 | ns |
Features of SLE, ever, % | |||
Positive ANA | 99 | nd | nd |
Positive anti-dsDNA | 36 | 2 | <0.0001 |
Malar rash | 52 | ||
Discoid rash | 20 | ||
Photosensitivity | 69 | ||
Oral ulceration | 34 | ||
Arthritis | 84 | ||
Pleuritis | 34 | ||
Pericarditis | 17.5 | ||
Nephritis | 42 | ||
Leukopenia | 49 | ||
Lymphopenia | 50 | ||
Thrombocytopenia | 20 | ||
Hemolytic anemia | 5 | ||
Neuropsychiatric | 11.5 | ||
SLAM >6 | 49 | ||
SLEDAI >6 | 26 | ||
SDI >0 | 64 | ||
Individuals with detectable cytokines, % | |||
IFN-α | 44 | 33 | 0.008 |
IFN-λ1 | 29 | 20 | 0.01 |
IFN-α and IFN-λ1 | 14.5 | 7.5 | 0.01 |
IL-17A | 12 | 5 | 0.006 |
IL-23 | 58 | 41 | 0.0001 |
IP-10 | 100 | 100 | ns |