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Table 4 Double-high interferon-λ1 and interferon-α as well as high interferon-γ-induced protein 10 define two subgroups of active patients with distinct phenotypes

From: IFN-λ1 with Th17 axis cytokines and IFN-α define different subsets in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Characteristics

All SLE (n = 261)

IFN-αhigh + IFN-λ1high (n = 19)

Others (n = 242)

p value

IP-10high (n = 63)

Others (n = 198)

p value

Age, years, mean (SD)

47.6 (14)

39.5 (13)

48 (14)

0.01

47 (14)

47.9 (15)

ns

SLE duration, years, mean (SD)

15 (11)

11 (7.7)

15 (11)

0.02

15 (10)

15 (11)

ns

SLAM, median (IQR)

6 (4–10)

9 (6–13)

6 (4–10)

0.03

8 (4–12)

6 (3.75–9)

0.02

SLAM >6, %

49

73

47

0.03

59

46

0.07

SLEDAI >6, %

26

53

24

0.01

41

20

0.0008

SDI >0, %

64

47

66

ns

65

65

ns

Autoantibodies, %

 Nucleosome

44

58

42.5

ns

60

38

0.002

 Ro52/SSA

28

58

25

0.002

36.5

23.5

0.046

 Ro60/SSA

40.5

68.5

38

0.01

49

38

ns

 La/SSB

21.5

37

20

0.09

27

19.5

ns

Mucocutaneous, %

 Mucocutaneous SLAM >0

37

55

36

ns

40

36

ns

Reticuloendothelial, %

 Lymphadenopathy SLAM, >0

13

35

11

0.003

16

12

ns

Musculoskeletal, %

 Arthritis

17

16

17.5

ns

29

14

0.009

 Musculoskeletal SDI >0

13

0

18

0.05

17.5

17

ns

Cardiovascular, %

 Pleuritis/carditis SLAM, >0

6.3

17

5.5

0.06

10

5.5

ns

 Any vascular event

29

10.5

30

0.06

32

26

ns

Neurologic, %

 Cortical dysfunction SLAM >0

17

37

15

0.01

19

16.5

na

 Seizures, ever

11

26

9.5

0.02

14

10

ns

 Lupus headache SLAM >0

36

37

35

ns

25

40

0.03

Renal

 Creatinine, μmol/L, mean (SD)

87 (90)

68 (12)

89 (93)

0.002

91 (92)

86 (91)

ns

Routine laboratory tests

 WBC, 109/L, mean (SD)

5.2 (2.2)

3.9 (1.2)

5.4 (2.2)

<0.0001

4.7 (2.2)

5.4 (2.2)

0.03

 Lymphocytes, 109/L, mean (SD)

1.3 (0.7)

1.03 (0.4)

1.3 (0.7)

0.04

1.07 (0.57)

1.3(0.7)

0.01

Complement components

 C3, g/L, mean (SD)

0.86 (0.24

0.7 (0.3)

0.87 (0.2)

0.08

0.79 (0.3)

0.89 (0.2)

0.0004

 C4, g/L, mean (SD)

0.15 (0.07)

0.12 (0.06)

0.15 (0.07)

0.049

0.13 (0.08)

0.16 (0.07)

0.001

Medication

 Prednisone, months, mean (SD)

232 (822)

54 (61)

247 (853)

0.001

157 (384)

259 (926)

ns

Cytokines

 IL-23high, %

25

53

22.5

0.004

42

19

0.0003

  1. Abbreviations: C3 Complement component C3, C4 Complement component C4, IFN Interferon, IL Interleukin, IP-10 Interferon-γ-induced protein 10, ns Nonsignificant, SDI Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index, SLAM Systemic Lupus Activity Measure, SLE Systemic lupus erythematosus, SLEDAI Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index, WBC White blood cells
  2. The left column (all SLE) demonstrates distribution of investigated parameters for the whole SLE cohort. In statistical analysis, a subgroup of patients with high cytokine levels (double-high IFN-α + IFN-λ1 [n = 19] or IP-10high [n = 63]) was compared with all the other groups. Statistical analysis of continuous variables was performed by Student’s t test; values calculated as ratios were compared by nonparametric Wilcoxon/Kruskal-Wallis test; and proportions were compared by chi-square or Fisher’s exact test
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Arthritis Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1478-6362

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