Fig. 6

Effects of CKD-L on cytokine secretion in PBMC from RA patients (n = 5). PBMC from RA patients were cultured in a 48-well plate for 24 h in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100 ng/ml) and HDAC inhibitors at different concentrations (0.01 to 5 μM). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) (a), IL-1β (b), IL-6 (c), and IL-10 (d) were measured in the culture supernatant by ELISA. *p < 0.01, vs LPS. IL interleukin