Fig. 5

LOXL2 overexpression differentially regulates signaling pathways in osteoarthritis chondrocytes. Gene set enrichment analysis data shown are reactome signaling by transforming growth factor -β1 (TGF-β1) receptor complex (a), Biocarta TNF-α receptor 1 pathway (b), reactome activation genes by ATF4 (c), reactome mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) targets nuclear events mediated by MAPK (d), negative regulation of cell proliferation (e), regulation of angiogenesis (f), regulation of apoptosis (g), regulation of IkB kinase NF-ĸB cascade (h), and signaling by MiR-191 i compared to control (EV). j LOXL2 inhibits IL-1β-induced phospho-NF-ĸB and TGF-β1-induced phospho-ERK1/2 shown by western blot analysis, whereas TNF-α induced phospho-NF-ĸB and phospho-ERK1/2 are not affected. k Quantification is shown as fold-change normalized to β-actin (*P < 0.001; Student’s t test; n = 3)