| | | |
Univariate model
|
Adjusted model
|
Adjusted model + GC
|
|---|
|
Control subjects (n = 210)
|
Patients with RA (n = 151)
|
p Value
|
β Coefficient (95% CI)
|
p Value
|
β Coefficient (95% CI)
|
p Value
|
|---|
|
Glucose, mg/dl
|
90 ± 10
|
88 ± 19
|
0.21
|
3 (−1 to 7)
|
0.37
|
1 (−4 to 5)
|
0.71
|
|
Insulin, U/ml
|
9.8 ± 6.5
|
13.0 ± 13.4
|
0.007
|
3.0 (0.2 to 5.8)
|
0.037
|
3.2 (0.1 to 6.4)
|
0.046
|
|
C-peptide, ng/ml
|
1.53 ± 0.77
|
3.37 ± 2.94
|
0.000
|
2.13 (1.56 to 2.69)
|
0.000
|
1.98 (1.35 to 2.61)
|
0.000
|
|
GLP-1, ng/ml
|
0.49 ± 1.28
|
0.71 ± 0.22
|
0.06
|
0.31 (0.25 to 0.38)
|
0.000
|
0.32 (0.25 to 0.39)
|
0.000
|
|
GIP, ng/ml
|
0.37 ± 0.40
|
1.78 ± 0.51
|
0.000
|
1.35 (1.19 to 1.51)
|
0.000
|
1.33 (1.15 to 1.51)
|
0.000
|
|
DPP-4, ng/ml
|
811 ± 459
|
696 ± 301
|
0.007
|
−112 (−213 to −10)
|
0.032
|
−85 (−199 to 30)
|
0.15
|
|
HOMA2 insulin
|
|
HOMA2-IR
|
1.27 ± 0.82
|
1.65 ± 1.69
|
0.011
|
0.38 (0.03 to 0.74)
|
0.036
|
0.39 (−0.01 to 0.79)
|
0.054
|
|
HOMA2-%S
|
108 ± 75
|
105 ± 53
|
0.65
|
−19 (3 to −35)
|
0.019
|
−25 (−7 to −42)
|
0.006
|
|
HOMA2-%B
|
111 ± 45
|
134 ± 69
|
0.000
|
8 (−8 to 23)
|
0.33
|
13 (−4 to 31)
|
0.14
|
|
HOMA2 C-peptide
|
|
HOMA2-IR
|
1.13 ± 0.58
|
2.49 ± 2.35
|
0.000
|
1.63 (−1.18 to 2.09)
|
0.000
|
1.51 (1.00 to 2.02)
|
0.000
|
|
HOMA2-%S
|
115 ± 75
|
67 ± 41
|
0.000
|
−51 (−68 to −34)
|
0.000
|
−45 (−64 to −28)
|
0.000
|
|
HOMA2-%B
|
104 ± 36
|
180 ± 82
|
0.000
|
71 (55 to 88)
|
0.000
|
74 (55 to 93)
|
0.000
|
-
Abbreviations: DPP-4 Dipeptidyl peptidase 4, GC Glucocorticoid, GIP Gastric inhibitory polypeptide, GLP-1 Glucagon-like peptide 1, HOMA Homeostatic model assessment, HOMA2-%B Homeostatic model assessment of β-cell production calculated with C-peptide, HOMA2-IR Homeostatic model assessment calculated with insulin, RA Rheumatoid arthritis
- Adjusted model for age, sex, waist circumference, dyslipidemia, statins, antihypertensive treatment, and C-reactive protein and cholesterol levels. Analytical data represent unadjusted values: β coefficient (95% CI). p<0.05 are depicted in bold
