Severe intestinal dysbiosis is prevalent in primary Sjögren’s syndrome and is associated with systemic disease activity

Table 2 Clinical features in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome with and without severe dysbiosis

	Dysbiosis Index Score 1–4 (N = 33)	Dysbiosis Index Score 5 (N = 9)	p value
Age (years)	61 (50; 68)	62 (58; 71)	0.534
ESSDAI total score	5 (1; 10)	13 (5; 16)	0.049*
ClinESSDAI total score	5 (0; 9)	12 (4; 16)	0.049*
ESSPRI total score	6 (5; 8)	7 (6; 8)	0.224
IgG (g/L)	13.2 (10.0; 17.1)	12.4 (10.2; 22.0)	0.718
Complement component 3 (g/L)	1.01 (0.90; 1.21)	0.98 (0.79; 1.10)	0.608
Complement component 4 (g/L)	0.17 (0.14; 0.21)	0.11 (0.07; 0.14)	0.004**
Anti-SS-A antibody seropositives (%)	78	76	1.000
Anti-SS-A antibody seropositives (%)	45	56	0.714
Lip biopsy—focus score ≥ 1 (%)	85	86	1.000
Irritable bowel syndrome-like symptoms (%)	39	57	0.425
Fecal calprotectin (μg/g)	33 (20; 74)	110 (61; 330)	0.001**
Using glucocorticoids (%)	27	67	0.049*
Using anti-malarials (%)	24	44	0.406
Using proton pump inhibitors (%)	33	44	0.698
Using NSAIDs (%)	39	33	1.00

Comparison of clinical characteristics in primary Sjögren’s syndrome patients with severe dysbiosis (Dysbiosis Index Score 5) vs subjects with eubiosis or mild to moderate dysbiosis (Dysbiosis Index Score 1-4). Results presented as median (interquartile range) or fraction of patients with abnormal findings (%)
ClinESSDAI Clinical EULAR Sjögren’s Syndrome Disease Activity Index, ESSDAI EULAR Sjögren’s Syndrome Disease Activity Index, ESSPRI EULAR Sjögren’s Syndrome Patient Reported Index, EULAR European League Against Rheumatism, NSAID nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
*p < 0.05
**p < 0.01

ISSN: 1478-6362