Fig. 4

TLR2 and TLR4 gene expression in M0, M1-, and M2-polarized macrophages following Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligand exposure. a Basal gene expression levels of TLR2 and TLR4 were measured in M0 (monocytes), M1 (GM-CSF-differentiated), and M2 (M-CSF-differentiated) macrophages by qRT-PCR. b Cells were stimulated for 24 h with 300 ng/ml Pam3, 100 ng/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or a combination of interferon (IFN)-γ/LPS (20 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml), and gene expression of TLR2 and TLR4 was measured by qRT-PCR. c Basal expression (left panel) and changes in TLR2 and TLR4 gene expression (right and middle panels) following Pam3 or LPS exposure for 24 h were also measured in M1- and M2-differentiated macrophages derived from blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Values were normalized to TBP and expressed as 2^−ΔCT values ± SD. n = 4–5, * p < 0.05 compared with untreated cells (ctrl)