Table 1 Demographics and clinical characteristics of the cross-sectional and longitudinal study groups
From: Plasma C4d as marker for lupus nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus
Characteristics | Study 1 (n = 98) Cross-sectional Higher/lower disease activity | Study 2 (n = 69) Longitudinal |
|---|---|---|
Age at sampling, years, median (range) | 41 (14–75)/43 (19–81) | 39.2 (18–76) |
Female sex, n (%) | 88 (91) | 63 (91.3) |
Disease duration, years, median (range) | 4 (0–40)/7 (0–43) | 7.5 (0–41) |
Follow-up duration, days, median (range) | N/A | 778 (139–1792) |
SLEDAI-2K | 9 (2–28)/2 (0–12) | 2 (0–24) |
ACR classification criteria, n | ||
Malar rash | 65 | 46 |
Discoid rash | 29 | 19 |
Photosensitivity | 61 | 43 |
Oral ulcer | 29 | 24 |
Arthritis | 82 | 60 |
Serositis | 56 | 39 |
Lupus nephritis | 45 | 34 |
Neurological disorder | 8 | 3 |
Hematological disorder | 53 | 38 |
Immunological disorder | 74 | 53 |
Antinuclear antibodies | 96 | 69 |
Treatment, n | ||
Antimalarial | 36/35 | 46 |
Corticosteroid | 64/64 | 55 |
Immunomodulatory | 42/51 | 41 |