Fig. 1

Autoantibodies and proinflammatory cytokine levels in plasma from participants. Anti-dsDNA (a) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and active interleukin 12 heterodimer (IL12p70) (b) were measured by a multiplex assay using luminex technology in plasma from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with active nephritis (AN) and with inactive nephritis (IN), and from healthy controls (Ctrol). Values are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 5–6).^* P < 0.05 vs Ctrol. ^# P < 0.05 vs AN-SLE