Table 1 Characteristics of the study population

N

94

298

103

Age (years), mean (SD)

60.98 (9.81)

61.42 (9.66)

59.53 (10.04)

0.2992*

Women, n (%)

58 (61.70)

179 (60.07)

63 (61.17)

0.9509**

BMI (kg/m²), mean (SD)

26.78 (4.49)

28.85 (5.70)

31.96 (6.49)

<  0.0001*

Pain severity (NRS 0–10)^a, mean (SD)

4.55 (2.52)

7.40 (2.14)

< 0.0001^†

Global X-ray score (mm, 0–60), mean (SD)

2.24 (3.08)

5.72 (7.00)

11.28 (9.26)

< 0.0001*

Radiographic OA, n (%)

7 (7.45)

80 (26.85)

49 (47.57)

< 0.0001**

 Quadriceps strength (kg, lowest tertile)

33 (35.11)

99 (33.22)

65 (63.11)

< 0.0001**

 Hip abductor strength (kg, lowest tertile)

33 (35.11)

119 (39.93)

68 (66.02)

< 0.0001**

 Prescribed NSAIDs

3 (3.19)

19 (6.38)

15 (14.56)

0.0018

 Opioids

3 (3.19)

44 (14.77)

22 (21.36)

0.0005

 Over-the-counter NSAIDs

12 (12.77)

68 (22.82)

32 (31.07)

0.0021