Fig. 6

TLR4-NLRP3 inflammasome and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway modulated expression of PDZK1 and ABCG2 stimulated by soluble uric acid in human intestinal cells. Soluble uric acid interacted with TLR2 or TLR4, initiating the formation of caspase-1 by recruiting the NLRP3 inflammasome, which is comprised of NLRP3, ASC, and pro-caspase-1, and activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by phosphorylating Ser473 and Thr450 on Akt. Activation of caspase-1 and Akt increased the expression of PDZK1, which upregulated the expression of ABCG2. ABCG2 ATP-binding cassette transporter, subfamily G, member 2, ASC apoptosis-associated speck-like protein-containing a CRAD, LPS lipopolysaccharide, NLRP3 NOD-like receptor superfamily, pyrin domain containing 3, PDZK1 PDZ domain containing 1, PI3K/Akt phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/protein kinase B, TLR Toll-like receptor, UA uric acid