Glycation marker glucosepane increases with the progression of osteoarthritis and correlates with morphological and functional changes of cartilage in vivo

Table 2 Plasma or serum glucosepane free adduct in patients with early and advanced osteoarthritis and other early-stage arthritic disease

Study group	No.	Age (yr)	Gender (M/F)	Glucosepane (nM)
Control	29	34.4 ± 8.2	14/15	13.6 (10.1–18.1)
eOA	28	43.3 ± 13.3*	12/16	18.7 (13.3–35.5)*^,OOO
aOA, pre-TKR	38	70.7 ± 8.9***	15/23	76.3 (61.2–97.5)***
Non-RA	32	51.7 ± 18.1**	14/16	31.2 (20.3–45.2)**^,OOO
eRA	35	60.4 ± 15.7***	13/22	46.1 (31.1–77.8)***^,OOO

Abbreviations: eOA Early-stage osteoarthritis, aOA Advanced osteoarthritis, TKR Total knee replacement, RA Rheumatoid arthritis, eRA Early-stage rheumatoid arthritis
Data are median (lower – upper quartile). Significance: 5-group comparison – p < 0.001 (Kruskal-Wallis). For binary comparisons: *, ** and ***, p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001 with respect to plasma levels of healthy controls; ooo, p < 0.001 with respect to plasma levels of aOA, pre-TKR (Mann-Whitney U)

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