Table 3 Characteristics of diagnostic algorithms for diagnosis and typing of early-stage arthritis: predictive algorithm outcomes for twofold cross-validation
Algorithm features | Algorithm 1: plasma Hyp and GSP, G-H1, MG-H1, 3DG-H, CEL, CMA, MetSO, 3-NT, NFK, and DT free adducts | Algorithm 2: anti-CCP-Ab positivity assessment and plasma GSP, FL, 3DG-H, CML, CEL, MetSO, and 3-NT free adducts | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Classification | Disease vs control | eOA vs non-RA and eRA | eRA vs non-RA and eOA | Non-RA vs eRA and eOA |
Accuracy (%) | 88.4 (86.9–90.0) | 95.5 (93.7–97.3) | 78.1 (74.3–82.0) | 78.9 (74.7–83.2) |
Sensitivity (%) | 90.4 (88.7–92.1) | 94.0 (88.8–99.3) | 69.1 (54.4–83.7) | 67.5 (46.2–88.8) |
Specificity (%) | 83.2 (77.4–89.0) | 96.1 (92.6–99.6) | 83.2 (71.8–94.6) | 84.6 (77.1–92.1) |
AUROC | 0.93 (0.92–0.94) | 0.98 (0.97–0.99) | 0.86 (0.81–0.90) | 0.88 (0.86–0.90) |
Positive likelihood ratio | 8.26 (5.77–10.75) | 16.11 (9.56–22.66) | 7.66 (2.94–12.37) | 4.96 (3.31–6.60) |
Negative likelihood ratio | 0.11 (0.10–0.13) | 0.06 (0.01–0.11) | 0.34 (0.20–0.48) | 0.36 (0.14–0.57) |
Positive predictive value (%) | 93.6 (91.7–95.6) | 92.8 (86.5–99.0) | 76.3 (65.1–87.4) | 71.8 (62.7–80.8) |
Negative predictive value (%) | 77.3 (74.4–80.2) | 97.5 (95.3–99.6) | 84.4 (79.0–89.8) | 86.2 (78.9–93.4) |
F-score | 0.92 (0.91–0.93) | 0.93 (0.90–0.96) | 0.69 (0.62–0.75) | 0.64 (0.49–0.79) |