Total group, n = 166 | Men, n = 89 | Women, n = 77 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | p value | OR | 95% CI | p value | OR | 95% CI | p value | |
Demographic variables | |||||||||
Male sex | 2.32 | 1.14 to 4.72 | 0.020 | NA | NA | ||||
Age, years | 1.03 | 1.01 to 1.06 | 0.021 | 1.03 | 1.00 to 1.07 | 0.078 | 1.05 | 1.00 to 1.10 | 0.075 |
BMI: overweight (reference, normal) | 2.40 | 1.09 to 5.26 | 0.029 | 2.62 | 0.95 to 7.21 | 0.062 | 1.76 | 0.47 to 6.54 | 0.40 |
obese (reference, normal) | 5.06 | 1.93 to 13.24 | 0.001 | 5.33 | 1.50 to 19.0 | 0.010 | 4.22 | 0.91 to 19.51 | 0.065 |
Ever-smoker | 1.74 | 0.88 to 3.44 | 0.11 | 3.53 | 1.42 to 8.77 | 0.007 | 0.47 | 0.14 to 1.65 | 0.24 |
Current smoker | 1.44 | 0.50 to 4.14 | 0.50 | 3.33 | 0.74 to 15.00 | 0.12 | 0.48 | 0.06 to 4.18 | 0.51 |
Blue-collar worka | 1.31 | 0.55 to 3.12 | 0.55 | 1.00 | 0.31 to 3.19 | 1.00 | 1.91 | 0.50 to 7.29 | 0.35 |
Time between x-rays, months | 0.92 | 0.81 to 1.05 | 0.21 | 0.96 | 0.83 to 1.11 | 0.57 | 1.15 | 0.66 to 2.00 | 0.63 |
Disease-related variables | |||||||||
Duration of symptoms, years | 1.02 | 0.99 to 1.04 | 0.24 | 1.01 | 0.98 to 1.05 | 0.57 | 1.03 | 0.99 to 1.08 | 0.17 |
HLA-B27 positive | 1.50 | 0.52 to 4.30 | 0.45 | 1.44 | 0.26 to 7.90 | 0.67 | 1.06 | 0.26 to 4.33 | 0.93 |
History of coxitis | 0.74 | 0.20 to 2.83 | 0.66 | 0.27 | 0.03 to 2.39 | 0.24 | 2.23 | 0.37 to 13.51 | 0.38 |
History of uveitis | 2.33 | 1.16 to 4.71 | 0.018 | 2.28 | 0.92 to 5.66 | 0.076 | 2.08 | 0.66 to 6.56 | 0.21 |
BASMI, score | 1.65 | 1.29 to 2.10 | < 0.001 | 1.43 | 1.10 to 1.86 | 0.008 | 2.58 | 1.42 to 4.69 | 0.002 |
Lateral spinal flexion, cm | 0.89 | 0.84 to 0.96 | 0.001 | 0.91 | 0.84 to 0.98 | 0.014 | 0.83 | 0.71 to 0.96 | 0.012 |
BASFI, score | 1.15 | 0.97 to 1.36 | 0.10 | 1.13 | 0.90 to 1.42 | 0.28 | 1.27 | 0.96 to 1.67 | 0.089 |
BASDAI, score | 0.98 | 0.83 to 1.15 | 0.80 | 0.93 | 0.76 to 1.15 | 0.52 | 1.17 | 0.87 to 1.56 | 0.30 |
ASDAS_CRP, score | 1.14 | 0.78 to 1.68 | 0.51 | 1.12 | 0.70 to 1.80 | 0.64 | 1.24 | 0.63 to 2.46 | 0.54 |
CRP, mg/L | 1.06 | 1.02 to 1.11 | 0.008 | 1.05 | 1.00 to 1.10 | 0.051 | 1.09 | 0.99 to 1.21 | 0.083 |
Time-averaged CRP, mg/L | 1.08 | 1.02 to 1.14 | 0.010 | 1.09 | 1.01 to 1.17 | 0.035 | 1.05 | 0.95 to 1.16 | 0.36 |
ESR, mm/h | 1.02 | 0.99 to 1.05 | 0.19 | 1.02 | 0.98 to 1.06 | 0.39 | 1.04 | 0.99 to 1.09 | 0.10 |
Time-averaged ESR, mm/h | 1.03 | 0.99 to 1.07 | 0.11 | 1.05 | 0.99 to 1.11 | 0.097 | 1.04 | 0.98 to 1.10 | 0.21 |
Syndesmophytes at baseline | 6.46 | 2.98 to 14.03 | < 0.001 | 5.55 | 1.98 to 15.54 | 0.001 | 6.27 | 1.85 to 21.24 | 0.003 |
mSASSS baseline, units | 1.04 | 1.02 to 1.05 | < 0.001 | 1.02 | 1.00 to 1.04 | 0.046 | 1.11 | 1.04 to 1.19 | 0.001 |
Aortic insufficiencyb | 1.20 | 0.48 to 3.03 | 0.70 | 1.20 | 0.35 to 4.06 | 0.77 | 1.28 | 0.30 to 5.46 | 0.74 |
Medication | |||||||||
NSAID index, 0–100 | 1.01 | 1.00 to 1.01 | 0.26 | 1.00 | 0.99 to 1.02 | 0.52 | 1.00 | 0.99 to 1.02 | 0.62 |
Exposure to TNFi | 1.17 | 0.56 to 2.43 | 0.67 | 0.84 | 0.33 to 2.12 | 0.71 | 1.71 | 0.50 to 5.85 | 0.39 |
Exposure to bisphosphonates | 2.29 | 1.01 to 5.21 | 0.047 | 1.57 | 0.44 to 5.63 | 0.49 | 5.30 | 1.59 to 17.69 | 0.007 |