Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with RA (cases, n = 1721) and controls (n = 3667) in the EIRA study, overall and by categories of the Mediterranean diet score as defined according to Trichopoulou et al. [17]
From: Mediterranean diet and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based case-control study
Med score | RA cases | Controls | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | 0–2 | 3 | 4–5 | 6–9 | Overall | 0–2 | 3 | 4–5 | 6–9 | |
Number | 1721 | 351 | 327 | 629 | 414 | 3667 | 574 | 636 | 1424 | 1033 |
Female, n (%) | 1251 (72.7) | 228 (65.0) | 242 (74.0) | 458 (72.8) | 323 (78.0) | 2647 (72.2) | 411 (71.6) | 441 (69.3) | 1026 (72.1) | 769 (74.4) |
Age, mean (std) | 53.4 (13.5) | 53.1 (14.5) | 52.2 (14.3) | 53.1 (13.6) | 55.2 (11.4) | 53.3 (13.3) | 51.1 (14.8) | 53.2 (13.6) | 53.5 (13.0) | 54.5 (12.6) |
Current smoking, n (%) | 409 (23.8) | 125 (35.6) | 92 (28.1) | 132 (20.0) | 60 (14.5) | 543 (14.8) | 122 (21.3) | 116 (18.2) | 210 (14.8) | 95 (9.2) |
Sedentary physical activity, n (%) | 317 (18.4) | 78 (22.2) | 79 (24.2) | 109 (17.3) | 51 (12.3) | 458 (12.5) | 110 (19.2) | 94 (14.8) | 161 (11.3) | 93 (9.0) |
Education > 12 years, n (%) | 955 (55.5) | 150 (42.7) | 176 (53.8) | 345 (54.9) | 284 (68.6) | 2161 (58.9) | 279 (48.6) | 336 (52.8) | 859 (60.3) | 687 (66.5) |
BMI, mean (std) | 25.7 (4.6) | 25.5 (4.9) | 25.6 (4.3) | 26.1 (4.7) | 25.3 (4.5) | 25.4 (5.0) | 25.6 (4.8) | 25.6 (4.2) | 25.5 (4.2) | 25.1 (6.4) |
Use of supplements, n (%) | 858 (50.1) | 153 (44.1) | 146 (44.8) | 316 (50.3) | 243 (58.8) | 1616 (44.4) | 214 (37.7) | 260 (41.1) | 624 (44.1) | 518 (50.5) |
Total energy intake, mean kcal/day (std) | 1924 (735) | 1848 (721) | 1829 (730) | 1949 (824) | 2025 (574) | 1897 (719) | 1770 (763) | 1776 (684) | 1892 (743) | 2048 (652) |
Vegetables, servings/day (std) | 3.07 (2.00) | 1.60 (0.99) | 2.41 (1.57) | 3.26 (1.80) | 4.53 (2.12) | 3.22 (2.24) | 1.78 (1.17) | 2.25 (1.59) | 3.22 (2.16) | 4.61 (2.31) |
Legumes, servings/day (std) | 0.22 (0.26) | 0.10 (0.14) | 0.14 (0.15) | 0.23 (0.24) | 0.38 (0.33) | 0.24 (0.31) | 0.09 (0.09) | 0.13 (0.16) | 0.23 (0.27) | 0.41 (0.41) |
Fruit and nuts, servings/day (std) | 1.57 (1.39) | 0.76 (0.70) | 1.11 (1.16) | 1.61 (1.23) | 2.53 (1.62) | 1.67 (1.42) | 0.82 (0.77) | 1.15 (1.06) | 1.69 (1.43) | 2.42 (1.49) |
Cereals, servings/day (std) | 2.78 (1.90) | 2.04 (1.76) | 2.63 (1.88) | 2.90 (1.91) | 3.36 (1.79) | 2.72 (1.83) | 2.01 (1.71) | 2.48 (1.86) | 2.73 (1.82) | 3.23 (1.73) |
Fish, servings/day (std) | 0.48 (0.44) | 0.28 (0.16) | 0.36 (0.23) | 0.51 (0.61) | 0.68 (0.33) | 0.49 (0.38) | 0.28 (0.20) | 0.36 (0.23) | 0.47 (0.39) | 0.69 (0.40) |
Meat, servings/day (std) | 1.28 (0.73) | 1.24 (0.72) | 1.28 (0.66) | 1.31 (0.75) | 1.25 (0.75) | 1.28 (0.83) | 1.28 (0.72) | 1.25 (0.74) | 1.33 (0.96) | 1.25 (0.74) |
Dairy products, servings/day (std) | 3.30 (2.49) | 4.63 (2.35) | 3.57 (2.48) | 3.15 (2.48) | 2.20 (2.03) | 3.03 (2.41) | 4.32 (2.39) | 3.58 (2.62) | 2.90 (2.31) | 2.16 (1.98) |
Alcohol, g/day (std) | 7.06 (7.95) | 5.15 (7.94) | 6.98 (8.28) | 7.28 (7.97) | 8.38 (7.37) | 8.48 (8.70) | 6.20 (9.28) | 7.95 (9.27) | 8.54 (8.60) | 9.94 (7.85) |
Monoansaturated to saturated fat ratio (std) | 0.78 (0.14) | 0.69 (0.09) | 0.74 (0.12) | 0.80 (0.14) | 0.86 (0.15) | 0.79 (0.15) | 0.70 (0.10) | 0.74 (0.13) | 0.80 (0.14) | 0.87 (0.15) |