| | |
OR (95% CI)
|
|---|
|
Non-NKP
|
Possible NKP
|
Definite NKP
|
|---|
|
Crude
|
Adjusted
|
Crude
|
Adjusted
|
|---|
|
(n = 1685)
|
(n = 462)
| |
(n = 366)
| |
|---|
|
Age
|
1 (Reference)
|
0.99 (0.99; 1.00)
|
–
|
0.99 (0.98; 1.00)
|
–
|
|
Body mass index
|
1
|
1.04 (1.02; 1.06)
|
–
|
1.08 (1.06; 1.10)
|
–
|
|
Gender
|
1
|
0.98 (0.79; 1.21)
|
–
|
1.50 (1.18; 1.91)
|
–
|
|
Pain severity
|
1
|
1.37 (1.31–1.45)
|
–
|
2.08 (1.93; 2.25)
|
–
|
|
Putative factors
|
|
High-risk occupation
|
1
|
1.63 (1.33; 2.01)
|
1.57 (1.24; 1.99)
|
1.29 (1.03–1.61)
|
1.17 (0.89; 1.54)
|
|
Significant injury
|
1
|
1.42 (1.14; 1.77)
|
1.36 (1.07; 1.73)
|
1.47 (1.15; 1.88)
|
1.50 (1.12; 2.00)
|
|
2D:4D digit ratio
|
1
|
1.00 (0.99; 1.00)
|
0.99 (0.99; 1.00)
|
1.00 (0.99; 1.00)
|
0.99 (0.99; 1.00)
|
|
Nodal OA
|
1
|
1.30 (0.98; 1.72)
|
1.34 (0.98; 1.83)
|
1.99 (1.50; 2.63)
|
1.80 (1.28; 2.53)
|
|
Comorbidities
|
|
Hypertension
|
1
|
1.34 (1.08; 1.65)
|
1.18 (0.92; 1.52)
|
1.35 (1.07; 1.70)
|
1.09 (0.80; 1.47)
|
|
Hyperlipidaemia
|
1
|
1.22 (0.98; 1.53)
|
1.12 (0.86; 1.44)
|
1.54 (1.22; 1.95)
|
1.36 (1.01; 1.84)
|
|
Stroke
|
1
|
1.00 (0.55; 1.83)
|
0.97 (0.52; 1.84)
|
1.37 (0.76; 2.46)
|
0.92 (0.44; 1.92)
|
|
Diabetes
|
1
|
1.62 (1.20; 2.19)
|
1.32 (0.94; 1.85)
|
2.19 (1.62; 2.96)
|
1.52 (1.04; 2.23)
|
|
Multiple regional pain
|
1
|
1.76 (1.43; 2.18)
|
1.63 (1.29; 2.05)
|
2.52 (2.00; 3.17)
|
1.93 (1.46; 2.53)
|
|
Central factors
|
|
Anxiety
|
1
|
2.20 (1.74; 2.76)
|
1.79 (1.38; 2.32)
|
5.08 (3.99; 6.45)
|
3.17 (2.38; 4.23)
|
|
Depression
|
1
|
2.66 (1.99; 3.55)
|
1.96 (1.42; 2.70)
|
6.20 (4.71; 8.15)
|
2.99 (2.14; 4.19)
|
|
Pain Catastrophising
|
|
Scale
|
|
Lowest tertile
|
1
|
Reference
| | | |
|
Middle tertile
| |
2.46 (1.64; 3.67)
|
2.03 (1.32; 3.10)
|
2.01 (1.05; 3.84)
|
1.31 (0.66; 2.60)
|
|
Highest tertile
| |
5.91 (4.05; 8.62)
|
3.63 (2.40; 5.48)
|
16.12 (9.12; 28.49)
|
5.37 (2.93; 9.84)
|
|
Fatigue
|
|
Lowest tertile
|
1
|
Reference
| | | |
|
Middle tertile
| |
1.41 (1.03; 1.93)
|
1.15 (0.82; 1.62)
|
3.22 (1.89; 5.48)
|
2.45 (1.38; 4.38)
|
|
Highest tertile
| |
2.77 (2.05; 3.75)
|
1.91 (1.38; 2.66)
|
11.12 (6.69; 18.47)
|
5.37 (3.08; 9.35)
|
|
Fibromyalgia
|
1
|
1.87 (1.16; 3.03)
|
1.56 (0.92; 2.66)
|
5.79 (3.90; 8.61)
|
4.07 (2.49; 6.66)
|
|
Treatment
|
|
Opioids
|
1
|
1.98 (1.54; 2.54)
|
1.46 (1.11; 1.92)
|
3.03 (2.35;3.91)
|
1.70 (1.26; 2.31)
|
|
NSAIDs
|
1
|
1.22 (0.82; 1.81)
|
1.01 (0.66; 1.56)
|
2.03 (1.40; 2.95)
|
1.75 (1.13; 2.72)
|
|
OTC painkillers
|
1
|
1.66 (1.33; 2.07)
|
1.39 (1.09; 1.78)
|
1.76 (1.38; 2.24)
|
1.28 (0.96; 1.71)
|
|
Aspirin
|
1
|
1.31 (0.96; 1.79)
|
1.12 (0.79; 1.60)
|
1.66 (1.20; 2.28)
|
1.40 (0.94; 2.09)
|
|
Current statin use
|
1
|
0.99 (0.99; 1.00)
|
0.99 (0.99; 1.00)
|
0.99 (0.99; 1.00)
|
1.00 (0.99; 1.00)
|
|
Statin use ever
|
1
|
0.99 (0.99;0.99)
|
0.99 (0.99; 1.00)
|
0.99 (0.99; 0.99)
|
0.99 (0.99; 1.00)
|
|
Injection
|
1
|
2.04 (1.59; 2.61)
|
1.66 (1.27; 2.18)
|
3.52 (2.74; 4.52)
|
2.39 (1.76; 3.23)
|
|
Pain experience
|
|
ICOAP overall
|
1
|
1.04 (1.03; 1.05)
|
1.03 (1.02; 1.04)
|
1.08 (1.07; 1.09)
|
1.05 (1.04; 1.07)
|
|
ICOAP intermittent
|
1
|
1.04 (1.03; 1.04)
|
1.02 (1.02; 1.03)
|
1.07 (1.06; 1.08)
|
1.04 (1.04; 1.05)
|
|
ICOAP constant
|
1
|
1.04 (1.03; 1.04)
|
1.05 (1.04; 1.06)
|
1.07 (1.06; 1.08)
|
1.05 (1.04; 1.06)
|
- Abbreviations: ICOAP Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain measure, NKP Neuropathic-like knee pain, NSAIDs Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, OA Osteoarthritis, OTC Over the counter
- Non-NKP is non-neuropathic-like knee pain; likely NKP is likely neuropathic pain; and definite NKP is definite neuropathic-like knee pain
- The non-KP group is the referent group, and hence a ‘1’ represents this in the table
- Note: Significant associations are highlighted in bold. For comparison purposes, we only present crude and age-, gender-, BMI- and pain severity-adjusted OR for each factor
