Table 1 Main characteristics of individual studies included in this meta-analysis
First author | Year | Data origin | Calendar period | No.of SLE patients (gender) | SLE diagnosis | Follow-up | NOS scores |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tallbacka [14] | 2018 | The Helsinki University Central Hospital | 1967–1987 | 205 (182 females and 23 males) | ARA criteria | 25.7 years | 7 |
Yun [11] | 2017 | National Health Insurance System database | 2009–2013 | 17,495 (15,826 females and 1669 males) | NA | NA | 8 |
Azrielant [13] | 2017 | Clalit Health Services | 2013 | 5018 (all males) | NA | NA | 6 |
Yu [21] | 2016 | The Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) | 1997–2010 | 15,623 (13,693 females and 1930 males) | ACR criteria | 124,832.45 person-years | 8 |
Waseem [22] | 2015 | 2006 Medicare claims data | 2006 | 18,423 (all females) | NA | NA | 8 |
Bernatsky [24] | 2013 | Multi-center | 1958–2009 | 16,409 (90% females) | ACR criteria | 7.4 years/121,283 years | 8 |
Dey [23] | 2013 | The University College London Hospitals Lupus Clinic | 1978–2010 | 595 | ACR criteria | 14.7 years/8910.51 person-years | 6 |
Hemminki [25] | 2012 | Swedish Hospital Discharge Register | 1964–1986 | 7624 | NA | 11.9 years/86,640 person-years | 8 |
Dreyer [26] | 2011 | Central Population Register | 1951–2006 | 576 (508 females and 68 males) | ACR criteria | 13.2 years/7803 years | 7 |
Kang [27] | 2010 | Kangnam St. Mary’s Hospital | 1997–2007 | 914 (all females) | ACR criteria | 5716 person-years | 8 |
Chen [15] | 2010 | National Health Insurance Research Database | 1996–2007 | 11,763 (10,394 females and 1369 males) | ARA criteria | 6.1 years | 5 |
Gadalla [28] | 2009 | Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare-linked database | 1993–2002 | 340 | NA | NA | 8 |
Parikh-Patel [29] | 2008 | Statewide patient discharge data | 1991–2002 | 30,478 (27,133 females and 3345 males) | NA | 5.1 years/157,969 years | 6 |
Tunde [30] | 2007 | A single center | 1970–2004 | 860 (771 female and 89 male) | ACR criteria | 13.4 years | 8 |
Bernatsky [31] | 2005 | Multi-center | 1958–2000 | 9547 (8607 females and 940 males) | ACR criteria | 8.0 years/76,948 person-years | 7 |
Ragnarsson [32] | 2003 | Icelandic SLE database | 1957–2001 | 238 (213 females and 25 males) | ARA criteria | 12.8 years/2774 years | 8 |
Bjornadal [33] | 2002 | Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare recorded data | 1964–1995 | 5715 (4201 females and 1514 males) | NA | 50,246 person-years | 8 |
Cibere [34] | 2001 | University-based Rheumatic Disease UniT | 1975–1994 | 297 (84% females) | ACR criteria | 12 years | 7 |
Sultan [35] | 2000 | Board of Health and Welfare recorded data | 1978–1999 | 276 (93.5% females) | ARA criteria | 4.8 years/1695 years | 7 |
Ramsey-Goldman [36] | 1998 | NA | NA | 616 | NA | NA | 5 |
Mellemkjaer [37] | 1997 | Nationwide Danish Hospital Discharge Register | 1977–1989 | 1585 (1308 females and 277 males) | ACR criteria | 6.8 years/10,807 personyears | 6 |
Abu-Shakra [38] | 1996 | The University of Toronto Lupus Clinic Database | NA | 724 (627 females and 97 males) | ACR criteria | 7233 person-years | 6 |
Sweeney [39] | 1995 | NA | NA | 219 | NA | NA | 5 |
Pettersson [40] | 1992 | Fourth Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital | 1967–1987 | 205 (182 females and 23 males) | ARA criteria | 2340 person-years | 5 |