Calprotectin strongly and independently predicts relapse in rheumatoid arthritis and polyarticular psoriatic arthritis patients treated with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors: a 1-year prospective cohort study

Table 3 Baseline factors associated with disease relapse using Cox proportional hazards regression models

Baseline characteristics	Univariate	Multivariate
Baseline characteristics	HR (95% CI; p value)	HR (95% CI; p value)
Calprotectin (μg/mL)	2.38 (1.79–3.16; < 0.0001)	2.74 (1.71–4.41; < 0.0001)
Power Doppler score, 0–66	1.31 (1.18–1.45; < 0.0001)
TNFi trough serum levels (μg/mL)	0.47 (0.26–0.88; 0.018)	0.36 (0.10–1.30; 0.120)
DAS-ESR	2.10 (0.72–6.18; 0.175)
Time-to-remission (months)	1.17 (1.11–1.23; < 0.0001)
Time-in-remission (months)	0.98 (0.97–1.00; 0.087)
Female gender	1.25 (0.38–4.15; 0.716)
Disease duration (months)	1.02 (0.96–1.08; 0.510)
Diagnosis, RA/PsA	2.39 (0.72–7.93; 0.155)	0.80 (0.10–6.30; 0.832)
Age (years)	0.98 (0.94–1.03; 0.535)
Monotherapy	0.36 (0.10–1.33; 0.125)	0.51 (0.08–3.35; 0.484)
Steroids	3.12 (1.02–10.1; 0.046)	0.22 (0.04–1.21; 0.082)

Significant values are shown in bold typeface
CI confidence interval, DAS-ESR Disease Activity Score-erythrocyte sedimentation rate, HR hazard ratio, PsA psoriatic arthritis, RA rheumatoid arthritis, TNFi tumor necrosis factor inhibitors