Elevated plasma level of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 is associated with inflammation activity and is a potential biomarker of thrombosis in primary antiphospholipid syndrome

Table 1 Demographics, clinical characteristics, and laboratory profiles of patients with PAPS and asymptomatic APLA

Parameter	PAPS n = 33	Asymptomatic APLA n = 10	Control n = 73	P value*
Female	24 (72.7%)	9 (90%)	40 (54%)	0.012
Age (years), mean (range)	47.8 (19–88)	50.6 (28–75)	42.65 (18–67)	NS
Venous thromboembolism	8 (24.24%)	0	0	–
Arterial thrombosis	18 (54.54%)	0	0	–
Recurrent fetal loss	5 (15.15%)	0	0	–
PET	4 (12.12%)	0	0	–
Intrauterine growth restriction	4 (12.12%)	0	0	–
Myocardial infarction	8 (24.24%)	0	0	–
Stroke	14 (42.42%)	0	0	–
Hypertension	11 (33.33%)	1 (10%)	0	< 0.001
Diabetes mellitus	3 (9.09%)	0	0	0.03
Dyslipidemia	11 (33.33%)	2 (20%)	0	< 0.001
ANA (mean)	1:160	1:160	NA	NS
ACL IgG (GPL-U/ml)	65.35 ± 65.36	42.68 ± 67.75	NA	NS
ACL IgM (MPL-U/ml)	36.1 ± 26.51	36.28 ± 58.59	NA	NS
β₂GPI IgG (U/ml)	58.82 ± 67.3	34.34 ± 59.24	NA	NS
β₂GPI IgM (U/ml)	69.3 ± 54.42	54.24 ± 68.66	NA	NS
LAC dRVVT ratio	1.59 ± 1.3	1.93 ± 1.08	NA	NS
LAC SCT ratio	1.98 ± 1.54	1.77 ± 1.34	NA	NS
Single-APLA positivity (%)	21.21%	40%	–	NS
Double-APLA positivity (%)	39.39%	0%	–	NS
Triple-APLA positivity (%)	39.39%	60%	–	NS
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m²)	89.9 ± 26.4	88.99 ± 28.7	97.6 ± 48.6	0.04
hsCRP (mg/dl)	0.799 ± 1.27	0.1871 ± 0.22	NA	0.02
ESR (mm/h)	28 ± 19.6	24 ± 14.22	NA	0.009
Ferritin (mg/dl)	51.2 ± 40.75	40.65 ± 23.75	NA	0.004
Platelets (K/μl)	246 ± 75.41	243 ± 58.97	NA	NS

Values are presented as mean ± SD or n (%), unless otherwise stated
ACL anticardiolipin antibody (cutoff values for IgG 18 GPL U/ml, IgM 12 MPL U/ml), ANA antinuclear antibody (assayed by immunofluorescence, positive ≥ 1:80), APLA antiphospholipid antibodies, β₂GPI anti-β₂ glycoprotein antibody (cut-off value for IgG 20 GPL U/ml, IgM 20 MPL U/ml), dRVVT dilute Russell viper venom time test (negative < 1.4), eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hsCRP high-sensitive C-reactive protein (normal < 0.5 mg/dl), LAC positive lupus anticoagulant, NA not assayed, NS not significant, PAPS primary antiphospholipid syndrome, PET preeclampsia/toxemia of pregnancy, SCT silica clotting time test (negative < 1.3)
*P values for categorical variables were calculated with a Chi-square test, for continuous variables using a general linear model with Tukey adjustment between multiple comparisons and t test between two groups

ISSN: 1478-6362