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Table 3 Incidence rates and hazard ratios for various lung diseases in individuals with prevalent systemic lupus erythematosus and general population comparators (2001–2013)

From: New-onset non-infectious pulmonary manifestations among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in Sweden

 

Prevalent SLE (n = 6908)

General population (n = 37,046)

 

Cases, n (%)

Person-years

Incidence rate per 1000 person-years (95% CI)

Cases, n (%)

Person-years

Incidence rate per 1000 person-years (95% CI)

Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)a

Any pulmonary disease

700 (10.1)

51,048

13.7 (12.7–14.8)

872 (2.4)

310,538

2.8 (2.6–3.0)

5.4 (4.9–6.0)

By specific pulmonary disease

 Interstitial lung disease

170 (2.5)

52,355

3.3 (2.8–3.8)

73 (0.2)

312,193

0.2 (0.2–0.3)

14.3 (10.8–18.8)

 ARDS and hemorrhage

51 (0.7)

52,954

1.0 (0.7–1.3)

54 (0.2)

312,245

0.2 (0.1–0.2)

5.8 (3.9–8.5)

 Pleural disorders

237 (3.4)

52,083

4.6 (4.0–5.2)

317 (0.9)

311,498

1.0 (0.9–1.1)

4.6 (3.9–5.5)

 Pulmonary hypertension

63 (0.9)

52,970

1.2 (0.9–1.5)

61 (0.2)

312,310

0.2 (0.2–0.3)

6.8 (4.7–9.6)

 Pulmonary embolism

174 (2.5)

52,544

3.3 (2.9–3.8)

293 (0.8)

311,543

0.9 (0.8–1.1)

3.8 (3.1–4.6)

 Diseases of the upper airway

62 (0.9)

52,841

1.2 (0.9–1.5)

92 (0.3)

312,066

0.3 (0.2–0.4)

4.2 (3.0–5.8)

 Pulmonary edema

34 (0.5)

53,094

0.6 (0.5–0.9)

53 (0.1)

312,380

0.2 (0.1–0.2)

4.3 (2.8–6.7)

  1. SLE systemic lupus erythematosus, CI confidence interval, ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome
  2. aModel adjusted for age (continuous) and sex