Fig. 5

2ccPA regulated the fibrogenic environment in part by increasing intracellular cAMP levels in SSc skin fibroblasts. a SSc skin fibroblasts (n = 5) were incubated with either 0–10 μM 2ccPA for 30 min in the presence of 3-isobuthyl-1-methylxanthine. One micromolar of forskolin was administrated in SSc skin fibroblasts (n = 3) as a positive control. The intracellular cAMP levels were assessed using an enzyme immunoassay kit. b Profibrotic markers were downregulated by increasing intracellular cAMP levels in SSc skin fibroblasts. SSc skin fibroblasts (n = 5) were incubated in the presence of 0–10 μM forskolin for 48 h. COL1A1, COL1A2, CTGF, and ACTA2 mRNA was assessed by qPCR. Data are the representative of three independent experiments. The bars represent as median with IQR. *p < 0.05