Fig. 6

Metformin regulates the balance between IL-10- and IL-17-producing B cells in vitro. a, b Splenocytes from NOD/ShiLtJ mice were cultured for 3 days with LPS in the presence or absence of 1 mM metformin (n = 3 per group) and subsequently reacted with antibodies against B220, CD19, CD5, CD1d, IL-10, and IL-17. The frequencies of B10 cells (CD5⁺ CD1d⁺IL-10⁺ cells gated on CD19⁺ cell population) and B17 cells (IL-17⁺ cells gated on CD19⁺B220⁺ cell population) were analyzed. The data were pre-gated on live single cells. Data are means ± SEMs. Data are representative of three independent experiments (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01)