Table 1 Clinical demographics of the subject patients
| Â | N | n (%) or mean (SD) |
|---|---|---|
Male | 198 | 21 (10.6%) |
Female | 198 | 177 (89.4%) |
Age (years) | 198 | 55.4 (15.5) |
Disease duration (years) | 196 | 7.3 (8.8) |
Follow-up duration (years) | 198 | 3.2 (2.3) |
History of smoking | 196 | 43 (21.9%) |
Death | 198 | 4 (2.0%) |
Raynaud’s phenomenon | 196 | 170 (86.7%) |
Puffy finger | 144 | 97 (67.4%) |
Nail fold bleeding | 190 | 139 (73.2%) |
Telangiectasia | 162 | 65 (40.1%) |
Autoantibody | ||
 Anti-topo I Ab | 198 | 78 (39.4%) |
 Anti-centromere Ab | 198 | 64 (32.3%) |
 Anti-RNA polymerase III Ab | 198 | 21 (10.6%) |
 Anti-U1RNP Ab | 198 | 22 (11.1%) |
Medications | ||
 Corticosteroids or immunosuppressants | 198 | 50 (25.3%) |
  Corticosteroids | 198 | 43 (21.7%) |
  Immunosuppressants | 198 | 19 (9.6%) |
 Vasoactive agents | 198 | 74 (37.4%) |
  Endothelin receptor antagonists | 198 | 14 (7.1%) |
  Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors | 198 | 5 (2.5%) |
  Beraprost | 198 | 52 (26.3%) |
  Sarpogrelate hydrochloride | 198 | 26 (13.1%) |
  Limaprost alfadex | 198 | 15 (7.6%) |
  Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | 198 | 3 (1.5%) |
 Others | ||
  Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 198 | 27 (13.6%) |
  Tocopherol nicotinate | 198 | 64 (32.3%) |
  Proton pump inhibitors | 198 | 87 (43.9%) |
Laboratory tests | ||
 White blood cells (/mm3) | 198 | 6700 (2300) |
 Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 198 | 12.3 (1.9) |
 Hematocrit (%) | 198 | 38.5 (5.1) |
 Platelets (× 104/mm3) | 198 | 26.7 (7.8) |
 CRP (mg/dL) | 198 | 0.43 (1.19) |
 ESR (mm/h) | 195 | 25.8 (19.7) |
Skin involvement | ||
 Qualitative measurement | ||
  Diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis | 190 | 89 (46.8%) |
 Quantitative measurement | ||
  mRSS | 177 | 9.9 (8.9) |
Lung involvement | ||
 Qualitative evaluation | ||
  SSc-ILD | 196 | 87 (44.4%) |
  Restrictive impairment | 197 | 36 (18.3%) |
  Diffusion impairment | 191 | 33 (17.3%) |
 Quantitative evaluation | ||
  KL-6 (U/mL) | 198 | 519 (499) |
  SP-D (ng/mL) | 190 | 107 (98) |
  %FVC (%) | 197 | 95.9 (20.8) |
  %DLco (%) | 191 | 88.3 (20.0) |
  FEV1% (%) | 197 | 82.1 (8.7) |
Heart involvement | ||
 Qualitative evaluation | ||
  Systolic dysfunction | 184 | 0 (0%) |
  Diastolic dysfunction | 150 | 10 (6.7%) |
  Pulmonary hypertension | 198 | 5 (2.5%) |
  Heart failure | 198 | 3 (1.5%) |
 Quantitative evaluation | ||
  BNP (pg/mL) | 191 | 43.0 (50.0) |
  LVEF (%) | 184 | 70.1 (6.3) |
  E/e’ | 150 | 9.6 (3.5) |
  RVSP (mmHg) | 181 | 27.3 (7.5) |
Renal involvement | ||
 Qualitative evaluation | ||
  SRC | 198 | 6 (3.0%) |
 Quantitative evaluation |  |  |
  eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 198 | 87.8 (25.9) |
Gastrointestinal involvement | ||
 Qualitative evaluation | ||
  Reflux esophagitis | 179 | 78 (43.6%) |
  Ileus | 198 | 6 (3.0%) |
 Categorical evaluation | ||
  Los Angeles classification | ||
   Grade N | 179 | 101 (56.4%) |
   Grade M | 179 | 30 (16.8%) |
   Grade A | 179 | 32 (17.9%) |
   Grade B | 179 | 11 (6.2%) |
   Grade C | 179 | 4 (2.2%) |
   Grade D | 179 | 1 (0.6%) |
Musculoskeletal involvement | ||
 Qualitative evaluation | ||
  Myositis | 197 | 7 (3.6%) |
 Quantitative evaluation | ||
  CK (U/L) | 197 | 110 (119) |