Table 1 Baseline characteristics
Entire cohort (n = 5860) | Type of medication | P value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Allopurinol (n = 532) | Febuxostat (n = 1105) | Other uricosuric agents (n = 4223) | |||||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
Age (years) (mean ± SD) | 61.09 ± 15.29 | 61.68 ± 14.95 | 63.91 ± 15.00 | 60.28 ± 15.32 | < .0001 | ||||
Sex | 0.0623 | ||||||||
Female | 1259 | (21.48) | 94 | (17.67) | 233 | (21.09) | 932 | (22.07) | |
Male | 4601 | (78.52) | 438 | (82.33) | 872 | (78.91) | 3291 | (77.93) | |
CKD stage | < .0001 | ||||||||
CKD stage 1 | 1329 | (22.68) | 113 | (21.24) | 85 | (7.69) | 1131 | (26.78) | |
CKD stage 2 | 1936 | (33.04) | 163 | (30.64) | 147 | (13.30) | 1626 | (38.50) | |
CKD stage 3 | 2018 | (34.44) | 204 | (38.35) | 557 | (50.41) | 1257 | (29.77) | |
CKD stage 4 | 577 | (9.85) | 52 | (9.77) | 316 | (28.60) | 209 | (4.95) | |
eGFR (mm/min/1.37 m2) (mean ± SD) | 66.74 ± 28.63. | 65.10 ± 28.39 | 45.53 ± 24.42 | 72.49 ± 26.99 | < .0001 | ||||
CKD stage 1 (mean ± SD) | 107.10 ± 12.91 | 107.96 ± 12.27 | 106.90 ± 13.21 | 107.02 ± 12.95 | |||||
CKD stage 2 (mean ± SD) | 74.28 ± 8.48 | 73.04 ± 8.76 | 72.19 ± 8.45 | 74.59 ± 8.43 | |||||
CKD stage 3 (mean ± SD) | 45.32 ± 8.54 | 45.56 ± 8.26 | 41.88 ± 8.10 | 46.81 ± 8.34 | |||||
CKD stage 4 (mean ± SD) | 23.38 ± 3.97 | 24.03 ± 4.07 | 23.06 ± 4.07 | 23.71 ± 3.76 | |||||
Serum UA level (mg/dl) (mean ± SD) | 9.49 ± 4.45 | 8.30 ± 3.74 | 9.92 ± 4.82 | 9.53 ± 4.40 | < .0001 | ||||
Comorbidity† | |||||||||
Myocardial infarct | 284 | (4.85) | 19 | (3.57) | 63 | (5.70) | 202 | (4.78) | 0.1602 |
Congestive heart failure | 898 | (15.32) | 70 | (13.16) | 195 | (17.65) | 633 | (14.99) | 0.0320 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 230 | (3.92) | 22 | (4.14) | 63 | (5.70) | 145 | (3.43) | 0.0025 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 1021 | (17.42) | 100 | (18.80) | 190 | (17.19) | 731 | (17.31) | 0.6785 |
Diabetes mellitus | 1760 | (30.03) | 191 | (35.90) | 412 | (37.29) | 1157 | (27.40) | < .0001 |
Diabetes with chronic complications | 713 | (12.17) | 85 | (15.98) | 220 | (19.91) | 408 | (9.66) | < .0001 |
Cancers | 636 | (10.85) | 54 | (10.15) | 139 | (12.58) | 443 | (10.49) | 0.1195 |
Metastatic solid tumour | 92 | (1.57) | 6 | (1.13) | 22 | (1.99) | 64 | (1.52) | 0.3640 |
Hypertension | 3892 | (66.42) | 377 | (70.86) | 819 | (74.12) | 2696 | (63.84) | < .0001 |
Hyperlipidaemia | 2587 | (44.15) | 235 | (44.17) | 469 | (42.44) | 1883 | (44.59) | 0.4414 |
Charlson comorbidity index (mean ± SD) | 2.22 ± 2.18 | 2.48 ± 2.22 | 3.03 ± 2.46 | 1.98 ± 2.04 | < .0001 | ||||
Co-medication‡ | |||||||||
Anti-hypertensive drugs | 2814 | (48.02) | 249 | (46.80) | 557 | (50.41) | 2008 | (47.55) | 0.2006 |
Diuretics | 1582 | (27.00) | 135 | (25.38) | 399 | (36.11) | 1048 | (24.82) | < .0001 |
Insulin | 357 | (6.09) | 39 | (7.33) | 116 | (10.50) | 202 | (4.78) | < .0001 |
Hypoglycaemic agents | 1329 | (22.68) | 148 | (27.82) | 319 | (28.87) | 862 | (20.41) | < .0001 |
Lipid lowering agents | 1920 | (32.76) | 180 | (33.83) | 374 | (33.85) | 1366 | (32.35) | 0.5493 |
Aspirin | 1299 | (22.17) | 117 | (21.99) | 244 | (22.08) | 938 | (22.21) | 0.9906 |
Colchicine | 2733 | (46.64) | 261 | (49.06) | 480 | (43.44) | 1992 | (47.17) | 0.0433 |
Glucocorticoid* | 1007 | (17.27) | 53 | (9.96) | 214 | (19.37) | 740 | (17.52) | < 0.001 |
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs* | 1974 | (33.86) | 112 | (20.06) | 231 | (20.09) | 1631 | (38.62) | < 0.001 |