Association between pain phenotype and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a non-interventional, longitudinal cohort study

Table 1 Patient baseline characteristics across pain phenotypes

	Nociceptive pain phenotype (n = 109)	Non-nociceptive pain phenotype (n = 71)	p
Female, n (%)	67 (61.5)	51 (71.8)	0.153
Age (years), mean (SD)	60.9 (10.46)	60.1 (9.52)	0.617
BMI (kg/m²), mean (SD)*	25.4 (4.20)	27.6 (4.87)	0.009
Smoking, n (%)	18 (16.5)	15 (21.1)	0.434
Alcohol use, n (%)	85 (78.0)	50 (70.4)	0.252
Education, n (%)			0.077
Low	38 (34.9)	36 (50.7)
Middle	47 (43.1)	26 (36.6)
High	24 (22.0)	9 (12.7)
Disease duration (years), median (IQR)	8 (5–14)	8 (5–13)	0.644
Anti-CCP positive, n (%)**	72 (72.7%)	36 (55.4%)	0.022
RF positive, n (%)***	78 (75.7%)	47 (67.1%)	0.216
Self-reported painkillers, n (%)
Conventional painkillers	44 (40.4)	51 (71.8)	< 0.001
Antidepressants/neuromodulators	4 (3.7)	6 (8.5)	0.156
DAS28, mean (SD)	2.13 (1.14)	2.77 (1.19)	0.001
TJC, median (IQR)	1 (0–1)	1 (0–2)	0.007
SJC, median (IQR)	0 (0–1)	0 (0–1)	0.919
ESR, median (IQR)	8 (3–17)	9 (5–17)	0.394
VAS-GH, median (IQR)	10 (3–30)	40 (20–59)	< 0.001
Medication use, n (%)
csDMARD only	62 (56.9)	44 (62.0)	0.497
csDMARD + bDMARD	29 (26.6)	15 (21.1%)	0.403
bDMARD only	11 (10.1)	6 (8.5)	0.713
NSAID only	2 (1.8)	3 (4.2)	0.336
Painkiller only	1 (0.9)	0 (0)	0.420
HAQ-DI (0–3), median (IQR)	0.5 (0–0.88)	1.25 (0.75–1.50)	< 0.001
SF-36 (0–100), mean (SD)
MCS	52.70 (9.49)	45.24 (10.56)	< 0.001
PCS	43.77 (8.40)	36.45 (8.17)	< 0.001
VAS pain (0–100), median (IQR)	14 (5–30.5)	45.5 (19–62.3)	< 0.001

BMI body mass index, Anti-CCP anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide, RF rheumatoid factor, DAS28 disease activity score, TJC tender joint count, SJC swollen joint count, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, VAS visual analog scale, DMARD disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug, csDMARD conventional synthetic DMARD, bDMARD biological DMARD, HAQ-DI Health Assessment Questionnaire, SF-36 Short-Form Health Survey, MCS mental component summary, PCS physical component summery. *BMI was available only in 76 nociceptive patients and 53 non-nociceptive pain patients. **Anti-CCP was available in 99 nociceptive pain patients and 65 non-nociceptive pain patients. ***RF was available in 103 nociceptive pain patients and 70 non-nociceptive pain patients

ISSN: 1478-6362