Table 1 Baseline characteristics according to cumulative average serum urate concentrations
Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | 30,475 | 30,526 | 30,455 | 30,461 | 30,441 |
Men, n (%) | 24,221 (79.5) | 24,288 (79.6) | 24,164 (79.3) | 24,252 (79.6) | 24,185 (79.4) |
Age, years | 49.5 ± 13.4 | 49.7 ± 13.7 | 48.9 ± 14.3 | 48.2 ± 15.0 | 47.3 ± 17.1 |
Average income, n (%) | |||||
< 500¥/month | 5084 (16.7) | 6218 (20.4) | 6105 (20.0) | 5763 (18.9) | 4982 (16.4) |
500–2999¥/month | 20,643 (67.7) | 19,717 (64.6) | 19,595 (64.3) | 19,361 (63.6) | 18,582 (61.0) |
≥ 3000¥/month | 2507 (8.2) | 2577 (8.4) | 2678 (8.8) | 2899 (9.5) | 3250 (10.7) |
Education, n (%) | |||||
Illiteracy or elementary school | 2648 (8.7) | 2778 (9.1) | 2645 (8.7) | 2459 (8.1) | 2295 (7.5) |
Middle school | 25,198 (82.7) | 24,710 (80.9) | 24,034 (78.9) | 23,076 (75.8) | 21,493 (70.6) |
College/university | 2116 (6.9) | 2362 (7.7) | 2887 (9.5) | 3628 (11.9) | 4387 (14.4) |
Alcohol consumption status, n (%) | |||||
Never | 21,073 (69.1) | 18,787 (61.5) | 17,223 (56.6) | 15,967 (52.4) | 14,321 (47.0) |
Past | 722 (2.4) | 842 (2.8) | 904 (3.0) | 849 (2.8) | 838 (2.8) |
Current | 8225 (27.0) | 10,322 (33.8) | 11,559 (38.0) | 12,471 (40.9) | 13,210 (43.4) |
Smoking status, n (%) | |||||
Never | 20,429 (67.0) | 18,356 (60.1) | 17,319 (56.9) | 16,430 (53.9) | 15,397 (50.6) |
Past | 1070 (3.5) | 1320 (4.3) | 1449 (4.8) | 1622 (5.3) | 1637 (5.4) |
Current | 8520 (28.0) | 10,278 (33.7) | 10,917 (35.8) | 11,237 (36.9) | 11,342 (37.3) |
Sodium intake, n (%) | |||||
≥ 10 g/day | 2616 (8.6) | 3047 (10.0) | 3191 (10.5) | 3483 (11.4) | 3547 (11.7) |
6–9 g/day | 24,803 (81.4) | 23,838 (78.1) | 23,187 (76.1) | 22,313 (73.3) | 21,170 (69.5) |
< 6 g/day | 2581 (8.5) | 3029 (9.9) | 3257 (10.7) | 3437 (11.3) | 3539 (11.6) |
Physical activity, n (%) | |||||
Never | 3699 (12.1) | 4203 (13.8) | 4434 (14.6) | 4554 (15.0) | 4889 (16.1) |
1–2 times/week | 22,908 (75.2) | 21,601 (70.8) | 20,663 (67.8) | 20,044 (65.8) | 18,776 (61.7) |
3+ times/week | 3389 (11.1) | 4111 (13.5) | 4537 (14.9) | 4635 (15.2) | 4593 (15.1) |
Use of antihypertensive agent, n (%) | 2896 (9.5) | 3736 (12.2) | 4373 (14.4) | 5219 (17.1) | 6542 (21.5) |
Use of lipid-lowering agent, n (%) | 264 (0.87) | 386 (1.26) | 494 (1.62) | 564 (1.85) | 716 (2.35) |
Use of hypoglycemic agent, n (%) | 1562 (5.13) | 1496 (4.90) | 1266 (4.16) | 1167 (3.83) | 1114 (3.66) |
Use of aspirin, n (%) | 185 (0.61) | 268 (0.88) | 321 (1.05) | 336 (1.10) | 372 (1.22) |
Father’s CVD history, n (%) | 1371 (4.50) | 1786 (5.85) | 1985 (6.52) | 2032 (6.67) | 2042 (6.71) |
Mother’s CVD history, n (%) | 972 (3.19) | 1197 (3.92) | 1323 (4.34) | 1316 (4.32) | 1400 (4.60) |
FBG1, mmol/L | 5.70 ± 1.81 | 5.61 ± 1.53 | 5.55 ± 1.39 | 5.53 ± 1.31 | 5.53 ± 1.26 |
BMI1, kg/m2 | 24.1 ± 3.0 | 24.4 ± 3.1 | 24.8 ± 3.1 | 25.3 ± 3.2 | 26.0 ± 3.4 |
eGFR1, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 85.8 ± 18.0 | 87.3 ± 17.9 | 88.4 ± 17.9 | 88.9 ± 18.2 | 88.6 ± 20.4 |
LDL-c1, mmol/L | 2.50 ± 0.64 | 2.52 ± 0.68 | 2.53 ± 0.72 | 2.53 ± 0.76 | 2.53 ± 0.79 |
TG1, mmol/L | 1.40 ± 1.00 | 1.44 ± 1.00 | 1.56 ± 1.16 | 1.74 ± 1.30 | 2.11 ± 1.62 |
SBP1, mmHg | 129 ± 18 | 129 ± 18 | 130 ± 18 | 130 ± 18 | 132 ± 19 |
DBP1, mmHg | 82.8 ± 9.7 | 83.0 ± 9.6 | 83.4 ± 9.8 | 84.0 ± 10.0 | 85.0 ± 10.3 |
hs-CRP1,2, mg/L | 0.87 (1.26) | 1.01 (1.36) | 1.15 (1.48) | 1.30 (1.67) | 1.57 (2.01) |