Fig. 1

Rapamycin suppresses T cell alloreactivity, proinflammatory cytokines, and production of immunoglobulin and induces mitochondrial dysfunction in vitro. a In a mixed lymphocyte reaction assay, B/c splenic T cells (responders) were incubated with irradiated B/c splenic antigen-presenting cells for 4 days. Responder cells were cultured in the presence or absence of rapamycin. b IFN-γ and IL-17 levels in the supernatants, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). c IL-17, IL-6, TNF-α, and IgG concentrations in culture supernatants in the presence of anti-CD3 (0.5 μg/ml) or lipopolysaccharide (100 ng/ml) with rapamycin 100 nM, as determined by ELISA. d The Treg population, as determined by flow cytometry. e JC-1 populations in isolated splenic cells, as determined by flow cytometry. The data are representative of at least three independent experiments. Data represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001