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Table 2 Risk for HF hospitalization, coronary heart disease, stroke, and all-cause mortality among REGARDS study participants

From: Gout is associated with an increased risk for incident heart failure among older adults: the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort study

 

Participants without gout (n = 5526)

Participants with gout (n = 187)

p value

HF hospitalization

 Events/person-years

223/50,163

20/1522

 

 Incidence rate (95% CI)*

4.4 (3.9, 5.0)

13.1 (7.4, 18.9)

 

 Hazard ratio (95% CI)

  Model 1

1 (reference)

2.59 (1.63, 4.11)

< 0.001

  Model 2

1 (reference)

2.59 (1.63, 4.11)

< 0.001

  Model 3

1 (reference)

2.27 (1.41, 3.66)

0.001

  Model 4

1 (reference)

1.97 (1.22, 3.19)

0.006

Coronary heart disease

 Events/person-years

453/48,904

24/1504

 

 Incidence rate (95% CI)*

9.3 (8.4, 10.1)

16.0 (9.6, 22.3)

 

 Hazard ratio (95% CI)

  Model 1

1 (reference)

1.47 (0.97, 2.22)

0.07

  Model 2

1 (reference)

1.46 (0.97, 2.21)

0.07

  Model 3

1 (reference)

1.38 (0.91, 2.09)

0.14

  Model 4

1 (reference)

1.21 (0.79, 1.84)

0.39

Stroke

 Events/person-years

398/48,702

14/1512

 

 Incidence rate (95% CI)*

8.2 (7.4, 9.0)

9.3 (4.4, 14.1)

 

 Hazard ratio (95% CI)

  Model 1

1 (reference)

1.03 (0.60, 1.75)

0.93

  Model 2

1 (reference)

1.01 (0.59, 1.73)

0.97

  Model 3

1 (reference)

0.95 (0.56, 1.64)

0.87

  Model 4

1 (reference)

0.83 (0.48, 1.43)

0.51

All-cause mortality

 Events/person-years

1858/50,142

85/1545

 

 Incidence rate (95% CI)*

37.1 (35.4, 38.7)

55.0 (43.3, 66.7)

 

 Hazard ratio (95% CI)

  Model 1

1 (reference)

1.24 (1.00, 1.54)

0.05

  Model 2

1 (reference)

1.22 (0.98, 1.52)

0.07

  Model 3

1 (reference)

1.19 (0.95, 1.48)

0.13

  Model 4

1 (reference)

1.08 (0.86, 1.35)

0.51

  1. Model 1 adjusts for age, race, and gender
  2. Model 2 adjusts for age, race, gender, region of residence, income, and education
  3. Model 3 adjusts for variables in model 2 plus alcohol consumption, current smoking, body mass index, physical activity, and dietary patterns
  4. Model 4 adjusts for variables in model 3 plus diabetes, chronic kidney disease, atrial fibrillation, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, C-reactive protein, and use of antihypertensive medication, diuretics, statin, aspirin, and cyclooxygenase-2-selective and non-cyclooxygenase-2-selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
  5. The median (maximum) follow-up for all-cause mortality was 10.0 (13.9) years
  6. CI confidence interval, HF heart failure, REGARDS REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke
  7. *Per 1000 person-years
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Arthritis Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1478-6362

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