Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of study subjects

N

96

59

10

63

28

Age (years) (mean ± SD)

34.7 ± 11.7

35.8 ± 15.0

37.2 ± 17.7

43.8 ± 29.8

32.0 ± 11.6

Female, n (%)

91 (94.8%)

55 (93.2%)

9 (90%)

60 (95.2%)

23 (82.1%)

Disease duration (years) (IQR)

4.9 (8.1)

2.1 (11.8)

4.3 (9.7)

2.8 (9.6)

0 (0)

 Fever

7 (7.3%)

11 (18.6%)

0 (0%)

10 (15.8%)

N/A

 Lymphadenopathy

3 (3.1%)

2 (3.4%)

0 (0%)

1 (1.6%)

N/A

 Malar rash

15 (15.6%)

14 (23.7%)

2 (20%)

7 (11.1%)

N/A

 Mucosal ulceration

2 (2.1%)

3 (5.1%)

0 (0%)

1 (1.6%)

N/A

 Alpecia

5 (5.2%)

6 (10.2%)

0 (0%)

1 (1.6%)

N/A

 Vasculitis

6 (6.3%)

5 (8.5%)

0 (0%)

1 (1.6%)

N/A

 Raynoud’s phenomenon

3 (3.1%)

1 (1.7%)

1 (10%)

1 (1.6%)

N/A

 NPSLE

0 (0%)

6 (10.2%)

0 (0%)

1 (1.6%)

N/A

 Myositis

0 (0%)

1 (1.7%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

N/A

 Arthralgia/arthritis

5 (5.2%)

13 (22.0%)

0 (0%)

3 (4.8%)

N/A

 Endocarditis

9 (9.4%)

4 (6.8%)

2 (20%)

2 (3.2%)

N/A

 PAH

3 (3.1%)

8 (13.6%)

1 (10%)

2 (3.2%)

N/A

 ILD

3 (3.1%)

3 (5.1%)

1 (10%)

2 (3.2%)

N/A

 Pleural effusion

4 (4.2%)

1 (1.7%)

0 (0%)

4 (6.3%)

N/A

 Leukocytopenia

10 (10.4%)

17 (28.8%)

0 (0%)

6 (9.5%)

N/A

 Hemolytic anemia

0 (0%)

2 (3.4%)

0 (0%)

1 (1.6%)

N/A

 Thrombocytopenia

6 (6.3%)

14 (23.7%)

1 (10%)

8 (12.7%)

N/A

 Gastrointestinal vasculitis

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

3 (30%)

3 (4.8%)

N/A

rSLEDAI, median (IQR)

8 (8)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

N/A

SLEDAI, median (IQR)

12 (8)

8 (6)

4 (3)

4 (2)

N/A

 24-h urine protein (g/24 h)

3.0 (4.4)

0.2 (0.2)

0.4 (0.7)

0.1 (0.1)

N/A

 ANA positive/tested

82/82

52/52

8/8

58/58

N/A

 C3 (g/L)

0.57 (0.39)

0.60 (0.37)

0.70 (0.67)

0.77 (0.47)

N/A

 C4 (g/L)

0.10 (0.08)

0.08 (0.11)

0.14 (0.1)

0.14 (0.13)

N/A

 dsDNA (IU/mL)

25.67 (27.10)

28.56 (26.17)

13.15 (27.85)

25.07 (45.31)

N/A

 Class I

0 (0%)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

 Class II

1 (1.0%)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

 Class III/III + V

20 (20.8%)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

 Class IV/IV + V

54 (56.3%)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

 Class V

21 (21.9%)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

 Class VI

0 (0%)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

 RA

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1 (1.6%)

N/A

 SS

2 (2.1%)

2 (3.4%)

1 (10%)

4 (6.3%)

N/A

 APS

0 (0%)

2 (3.4%)

0 (0%)

1 (1.6%)

N/A

 Osteoporosis

2 (2.1%)

2 (3.4%)

0 (0%)

2 (3.2%)

N/A

 AVN of femoral head

10 (10.4%)

4 (6.8%)

0 (0%)

1 (1.6%)

N/A

 Hypertension

20 (20.8%)

1 (1.7%)

1 (10%)

5 (7.9%)

N/A

 Diabetes mellitus

3 (3.1%)

2 (3.4%)

0 (0%)

1 (1.6%)

N/A

 Hyperlipidemia

4 (4.2%)

1 (1.7%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

N/A