Table 1 Multivariable-adjusted correlates of healthcare utilization and mortality for serious infections in scleroderma

 < 50 years

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 50 to < 65 years

1.06 (0.95, 1.19)

1.39 (1.19, 1.62)

1.10 (0.99, 1.22)

1.54 (1.24, 1.90)

 65–79 years

0.96 (0.85, 1.09)

2.01 (1.70, 2.38)

1.12 (0.99, 1.27)

2.08 (1.65, 2.63)

 ≥ 80 years

0.79 (0.68, 0.93)

4.17 (3.43, 5.08)

1.23 (1.05, 1.44)

3.23 (2.46, 4.24)

 Male

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Female

0.99 (0.89, 1.11)

0.98 (0.85, 1.11)

1.03 (0.93, 1.14)

0.93 (0.78, 1.10)

 White

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Black

1.10 (0.96, 1.26)

1.13 (0.96, 1.33)

1.07 (0.94, 1.22)

1.15 (0.93, 1.43)

 Hispanic

1.20 (1.03, 1.39)

0.79 (0.65, 0.96)

0.95 (0.83, 1.09)

1.15 (0.92, 1.44)

 Other/missing

1.09 (0.98, 1.21)

0.98 (0.86, 1.12)

1.14 (1.03, 1.27)

1.20 (1.00, 1.44)

 0

Not est

Not est

Not est

Not est

 1

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 ≥ 2

1.54 (1.42, 1.68)

1.37 (1.23, 1.53)

1.44 (1.33, 1.57)

1.49 (1.28, 1.74)

 0–25th percentile

0.81 (0.71, 0.91)

0.94 (0.81, 1.09)

1.00 (0.89, 1.13)

0.82 (0.68, 1.00)

 25–50th percentile

0.83 (0.74, 0.93)

0.90 (0.78, 1.04)

1.01 (0.91, 1.13)

1.03 (0.86, 1.24)

 50–75th percentile

0.85 (0.76, 0.96)

0.96 (0.84, 1.10)

1.00 (0.90, 1.12)

0.95 (0.80, 1.13)

 75–100th percentile

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Sepsis

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 OI

0.87 (0.66, 1.15)

0.38 (0.27, 0.54)

1.48 (1.11, 1.97)

0.46 (0.30, 0.70)

 SSTI

0.42 (0.37, 0.47)

0.34 (0.29, 0.40)

0.65 (0.58, 0.73)

0.06 (0.04, 0.09)

 UTI

0.28 (0.23, 0.36)

0.34 (0.25, 0.46)

0.32 (0.26, 0.41)

0.02 (0.00, 0.11)

 Pneumonia

0.64 (0.58, 0.70)

0.38 (0.34, 0.43)

0.72 (0.66, 0.79)

0.29 (0.25, 0.34)

 Medicare

1.16 (1.05, 1.30)

1.76 (1.52, 2.03)

1.21 (1.10, 1.35)

0.80 (0.67, 0.95)

 Medicaid

1.22 (1.05, 1.42)

1.48 (1.20, 1.82)

1.12 (0.97, 1.29)

0.90 (0.68, 1.18)

 Other

0.92 (0.69, 1.21)

1.29 (0.86, 1.93)

0.93 (0.71, 1.22)

1.46 (0.95, 2.25)

 Private

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Self

1.28 (0.93, 1.77)

0.79 (0.46, 1.38)

1.06 (0.78, 1.43)

1.08 (0.60, 1.94)

 Northeast

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Midwest

0.75 (0.66, 0.85)

1.00 (0.86, 1.16)

0.83 (0.73, 0.94)

0.66 (0.53, 0.81)

 South

0.92 (0.82, 1.03)

0.83 (0.72, 0.95)

0.95 (0.85, 1.07)

0.86 (0.71, 1.03)

 West

0.89 (0.78, 1.02)

0.85 (0.73, 1.00)

0.68 (0.60, 0.77)

0.83 (0.68, 1.01)

 Rural

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Urban non-teaching

2.57 (2.26, 2.92)

0.74 (0.63, 0.87)

1.38 (1.21, 1.57)

1.18 (0.93, 1.49)

 Urban teaching

2.25 (1.99, 2.54)

0.63 (0.54, 0.74)

1.31 (1.15, 1.48)

1.15 (0.91, 1.45)

 Small

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Medium

1.46 (1.29, 1.65)

1.05 (0.90, 1.23)

1.20 (1.06, 1.36)

1.23 (0.99, 1.55)

 Large

2.10 (1.89, 2.35)

1.01 (0.88, 1.16)

1.36 (1.22, 1.52)

1.35 (1.10, 1.66)