Fig. 1

CD11c⁺ macrophages in the urine of patients with lupus nephritis (LN). a Numbers and proportions of urinary CD11c⁺ macrophages among CD45⁺ cells in patients with inactive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), active SLE, active LN (proliferative and non-proliferative), inactive LN, or other diseases with nephropathy (i.e., IgA nephropathy, ANCA-associated vasculitis) (n = 10, 5, 14, 27, 5, and 6, respectively). b The numbers and proportions of urinary CD19⁺ B cells and CD3⁺ T cells in SLE patients with non-proliferative LN or proliferative LN (n = 25). c Correlation between the numbers and proportions of CD11c⁺ macrophages in CD45⁺ cells and serum anti-dsDNA antibody titers in active LN patients (n = 41). d Correlation between serum anti-dsDNA antibody titers, and numbers and proportions of urinary CD19⁺ B or CD3⁺ T cells in LN patients (n = 25). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001