Table 1 Characteristics of Vietnamese Kinh people with cutaneous adverse reactions (MCARs), rare severe CARs (SCARs), and controls (no reaction to allopurinol)
|  | SCARs (n = 31) | MCARs (n = 74) | Controls (n = 395) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic features | ||||
 Age, years, mean (SD) | 60.0 (15.9) | 45.7 (11.7) | 45.4 (10.3) | < 0.0001 |
  ≤ 40 | 2 (6.9) | 29 (39.2) | 135 (34.2) | |
  40–65 | 16 (55.2) | 42 (56.8) | 249 (63.0) | |
  > 65 | 11 (37.9) | 3 (4.0) | 11 (2.8) | |
 Female, n (%) | 9 (29.0) | 0 | 0 | < 0.0001 |
History of allopurinol-induced skin reaction, n (%) | 2/27 (7.4) | 2 (2.7) | 0 | 0.003 |
Indication for allopurinol,n(%) | ||||
 Gout | 14 (45.2) | 72 (97.3) | 395 (100) | < 0.0001 |
 Asymptomatic hyperuricemia | 17 (54.8) | 2 (2.7) | 0 | < 0.0001 |
Allopurinol intake | ||||
 Daily dose at reaction onset, mg, mean (SD) | 303.4 (97.22) | 243.2 (110.2) | 369.1 (103.8) | < 0.0001 |
 Daily starting dose, mg/day, mean (SD) | 303.2 (84.6) | 156.1 (29.8) | 152.7 (19.8) | <0.0001 |
 Daily starting dose > 150 mg, n (%) | 27 (87.1) | 3 (4.1) | 7 (1.8) | |
Concomitant diuretics intake,n(%) | 7/26 (26.9) | 1 (1.4) | 0 | < 0.0001 |
Comorbidities,n(%) | ||||
 Hypertension | 8/15 (53.3) | 4 (5.4) | 99 (25.1) | < 0.0001 |
 Type 2 diabetes | 6/15 (40.0) | 3 (4.1) | 24 (6.1) | 0.0003 |
 Coronary heart disease | 1/15 (6.7) | 0 | 9 (2.3) | 0.16 |
 Dyslipidemia | 6/13 (46.2) | 6 (8.1) | 69 (17.5) | 0.003 |
 eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 12/18 (66.7) | 6 (8.1) | 7 (1.8) |  |
HLA typing,n(%) | ||||
 HLA-B*58:01-positive | 29 (93.5) | 6 (8.1) | 29 (7.3) |  |
 HLA-B*58:01 homozygote | 7/27 (25.9) | 1 (16.4) | 7 (24.1) |  |