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Table 3 Top associated Gene Ontologies with the anti-TNF response at baseline and week 20 and with the longitudinal change

From: Lower peripheral helper T cell levels in the synovium are associated with a better response to anti-TNF therapy in rheumatoid arthritis

GOs associated with differential expression: week 0

ID

Description

Count

P value

Gene group

GO:0044772

Mitotic cell cycle phase transition

75

3.64e−17

Non-response

GO:0044770

Cell cycle phase transition

77

1.07e−16

Non-response

GO:0140014

Mitotic nuclear division

47

2.39e−13

Non-response

GO:0000280

Nuclear division

56

3.70e−12

Non-response

GO:0051301

Cell division

70

1.81e−11

Non-response

GO:0007346

Regulation of mitotic cell cycle

71

2.04e−11

Non-response

GO:0048285

Organelle fission

57

4.90e−11

Non-response

GO:0000070

Mitotic sister chromatid segregation

31

5.86e−11

Non-response

GO:0000819

Sister chromatid segregation

33

3.24e−10

Non-response

GOs associated with differential expression: week 20

GO:0043299

Leukocyte degranulation

40

3.97e−11

Non-response

GO:0042119

Neutrophil activation

38

1.07e−10

Non-response

GO:0036230

Granulocyte activation

38

1.46e−10

Non-response

GO:0002275

Myeloid cell activation involved in immune response

39

3.61e−10

Non-response

GO:0002444

Myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity

39

6.36e−10

Non-response

GOs associated with longitudinal change in responders

Gene Ontology

Description

Count

P value

Gene group

GO:0043299

Leukocyte degranulation

74

3.24e−32

Downregulated

GO:0002275

Myeloid cell activation involved in immune response

74

1.14e−31

Downregulated

GO:0002444

Myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity

73

2.99e−30

Downregulated

GO:0036230

Granulocyte activation

68

1.40e−28

Downregulated

GO:0042119

Neutrophil activation

67

5.88e−28

Downregulated

GO:0002283

Neutrophil activation involved in immune response

65

1.18e−26

Downregulated

GO:0002446

Neutrophil mediated immunity

65

5.17e−26

Downregulated

GO:0043312

Neutrophil degranulation

64

5.65e−26

Downregulated

GO:0030198

Extracellular matrix organization

53

4.20e−16

Upregulated

GO:0043062

Extracellular structure organization

53

4.01e−13

Upregulated

GO:0009617

Response to bacterium

50

1.64e−11

Downregulated

GO:0002764

Immune response-regulating signaling pathway

45

2.69e−11

Downregulated

GO:0002757

Immune response-activating signal transduction

42

2.06e−10

Downregulated

GO:0002250

Adaptive immune response

39

2.23e−10

Downregulated

GO:0045088

Regulation of innate immune response

37

6.63e−10

Downregulated

GO:0001501

Skeletal system development

54

7.19e−10

Upregulated

  1. List of the most significantly associated (P < 1e−9, multiple test adjusted) Gene Ontologies in the three pathway level analyses based on three analyses: (i) genes differentially expressed in the synovial membrane between anti-TNF responders and non-responders at baseline, (ii) genes differentially expressed between anti-TNF responders and non-responders at week 20, and (iii) genes differentially expressed between week 0 and week 20 in the anti-TNF responder group
  2. ID Gene Ontology ID, Count number of differentially expressed genes that belong to the GO, P value significance of the observed enrichment (Bonferroni-corrected for the number of total GOs tested), Gene Group differential expression group from which the genes were selected to test for enrichment