Fig. 1

Characterization of TGF-β1@CS NPs. a SEM images of TGF-β1@CS NPs. b Dynamic light scattering analysis for size distribution of TGF-β1@CS NPs. c Zeta potential of TGF-β1@CS NPs. d In vitro release of TGF-β1 measured by ELISA. The results were measurement data and expressed as mean ± standard deviation derived from at least 3 independent experiments. Data comparison among multiple groups was analyzed by one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s post hoc test