Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics in patients with or without chronic scarring alopecia
No scarring alopecia (n = 4418) | Scarring alopecia (n = 374) | OR (95%CI) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 33.51 (11.18) | 33.06 (10.15) | 0.996 (0.987~1.006) | 0.435 |
Sex (female) | 4148 (93.89%) | 344 (91.98%) | 0.776 (0.524~1.149) | 0.205 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.53 (3.07) | 21.37 (2.88) | 0.983 (0.946~1.022) | 0.382 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Smokinga (n = 4725) | 120 (2.76%) | 17 (4.57%) | 1.689 (1.005~2.839) | 0.048* |
Diabetes (n=4492) | 67 (1.62%) | 4 (1.10%) | 0.678 (0.246~1.869) | 0.452 |
Hypertension(n=4699) | 506 (11.69%) | 38 (10.22%) | 0.859 (0.607~1.217) | 0.393 |
Dyslipidemiab (n = 4550) | 227 (5.43%) | 22 (5.98%) | 1.108 (0.706~1.740) | 0.657 |
Disease activity and damage | ||||
SLEDAI (mean ± S.D.) | 4.67 (5.95) | 7.06 (8.26) | – | – |
SLICC/ACR-DI (mean ± S.D.) | 0.24 (0.61) | 0.59 (1.05) | 1.241 (1.090~1.414)c | 0.001** |
Autoimmunity characteristics | ||||
ANA positive | 4277 (96.81%) | 354 (94.65%) | – | – |
Anti-dsDNA positive | 3229 (73.09%) | 277 (74.06%) | 1.052 (0.827~1.338) | 0.682 |
Anti-Sm positive | 1736 (39.39%) | 178 (47.59%) | 1.403 (1.135~1.734) | 0.002** |
Anti-SSA positive (n = 3869) | 2080 (57.89%) | 175 (57.76%) | 1.006 (0.793~1.275) | 0.964 |
Anti-SSB positive (n = 3856) | 740 (20.80%) | 67 (22.41%) | 0.910 (0.685~1.208) | 0.513 |
Anti-rRNP positive (n = 3476) | 714 (22.19%) | 75 (29.07%) | 0.696 (0.525~0.922) | 0.011* |
Anti-RNP positive (n = 3797) | 1386 (39.54%) | 132 (45.21%) | 0.793 (0.624~1.008) | 0.058 |
LA (n = 2504) | 431 (18.48%) | 38 (22.09%) | 0.799 (0.549~1.163) | 0.242 |
aCL (n = 3320) | 545 (17.77%) | 45 (17.79%) | 0.999 (0.714~1.397) | 0.995 |
Anti-β2GPI (n = 3086) | 473 (16.53%) | 35 (15.56%) | 1.075 (0.740~1.563) | 0.704 |
Organ involvements | ||||
Mucocutaneous | 2475 (56.02%) | 269 (71.93%) | 2.011 (1.593~2.540) | < 0.001*** |
Musculoskeletal | 2463 (55.75%) | 218 (58.29%) | 1.109 (0.896~1.374) | 0.342 |
Serositis | 463 (10.48%) | 38 (10.16%) | 0.966 (0.681~1.370) | 0.846 |
Renal | 1518 (34.36%) | 98 (26.20%) | 0.678 (0.534~0.861) | 0.001** |
Neuropsychiatric | 78 (1.77%) | 9 (2.41%) | 1.372 (0.683~2.758) | 0.375 |
Gastrointestinal tract | 48 (1.09%) | 4 (1.07%) | 0.984 (0.353~2.745) | 0.976 |
Cardio-respiratory | 142 (3.21%) | 4 (1.07%) | 0.326 (0.120~0.884) | 0.028* |
Blood | 1822 (41.24%) | 138 (36.90%) | 0.833 (0.670~1.037) | 0.101 |
Treatment strategies (ever use) | ||||
Glucocorticoid | 3781 (85.58%) | 328 (87.70%) | 1.201 (0.872~1.654) | 0.261 |
Immunosuppressantsd | 1831 (41.44%) | 111 (29.68%) | 0.596 (0.474~0.750) | < 0.001*** |
Cyclophosphamide | 539 (12.20%) | 32 (8.56%) | 0.673 (0.464~0.978) | 0.038* |
Mycophenolate mofetil | 772 (17.47%) | 46 (12.30%) | 0.649 (0.472~0.893) | 0.008** |
Azathioprine | 141 (3.19%) | 9 (2.41%) | 0.698 (0.352~1.383) | 0.303 |
Cyclosporine | 252 (5.70%) | 17 (4.55%) | 0.731 (0.441~1.210) | 0.223 |
Tacrolimus | 324 (7.33%) | 17 (4.55%) | 0.588 (0.357~0.970) | 0.038* |
Hydroxychloroquine | 3449 (78.07%) | 298 (79.68%) | 1.102 (0.848~1.431) | 0.469 |
Biologic agents | 71 (1.61%) | 4 (1.07%) | 0.662 (0.240~1.822) | 0.425 |