Serial magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound examinations demonstrate differential inflammatory lesion patterns in soft tissue and bone upon patient-reported flares in rheumatoid arthritis

Table 4 Associations between clinical and patient-reported outcomes and US-detected inflammation: synovitis (GLOESS) and tenosynovitis

	Univariate model		Full multivariate model		Multivariate model after backward selection
	Coefficient (95% CI)	p	Coefficient (95% CI)	p	Coefficient (95% CI)	p
US synovitis (GLOESS)
Flare	1.58 (0.35; 2.82)	0.01	1.12 (− 0.58; 2.80)	0.19
SJC28	0.81 (0.19; 1.43)	0.01	0.78 (0.00; 1.50)	0.049	0.83 (0.20;1.45)	0.009
CRP	0.09 (− 0.01; 0.18)	0.056	0.02 (− 0.09; 0.12)	0.73
Pain (VAS)	0.02 (− 0.02; 0.05)	0.33	0.006 (− 0.05; 0.07)	0.85
PGA (VAS)	0.01 (− 0.02; 0.04)	0.55	− 0.02 (− 0.09; 0.04)	0.45
HAQ	− 0.23 (− 2.24; 1.78)	0.82	− 0.83 (− 3.27; 1.60)	0.50
US tenosynovitis
Flare	1.44 (0.55; 2.32)	0.0015	1.35 (0.08; 2.61)	0.037
SJC28	0.82 (0.37; 1.27)	0.0003	0.70 (0.14; 1.27)	0.015	0.82 (0.38; 1.27)	< 0.0001
CRP	0.09 (0.01; 0.16)	0.03	0.03 (− 0.05; 0.12)	0.41
Pain (VAS)	0.01 (− 0.01; 0.04)	0.23	− 0.01 (− 0.06; 0.03)	0.57
PGA (VAS)	0.01 (− 0.01; 0.04)	0.32	− 0.01 (− 0.05; 0.04)	0.80
HAQ	− 0.08 (− 1.70; 1.54)	0.92	− 1.02 (− 3.00; 0.94)	0.30

CRP C-reactive protein, GLOESS Global OMERACT (Outcome Measures in Rheumatology)-EULAR (European League Against Rheumatism) Synovitis Score, HAQ health assessment questionnaire, PGA patient’s global assessment, SJC28 swollen joint count assessed in 28 joints, US ultrasonography, VAS visual analog scale; all multivariate mixed effect linear regression models are adjusted for age, sex, and disease duration at baseline

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