The spectrum of association in HLA region with rheumatoid arthritis in a diverse Asian population: evidence from the MyEIRA case-control study

Table 3 Independent specific amino acid residues associated with risk of developing ACPA-positive RA in different populations

Region	Population	RA cases	Controls	HLA locus	Amino acid position	Residue	OR	P	χ²	P_omnibus	Ref
Europe	Caucasian	5018	14,974	HLA-DRB1	11	Valine	3.80	–	2260.0	1.0 × 10⁻⁵⁸¹	[17]
				HLA-B	9	Aspartic acid	2.12	–	166.0	2.0 × 10⁻³⁷
				HLA-DPB1	9	Phenylalanine	1.40	–	93.3	1.0 × 10⁻²⁰
	Caucasian	7279	15,870	HLA-DRB1	11	Valine	–	–	3551.5	1.0 × 10⁻⁶⁹²	[21]
				HLA-B	9	Aspartic acid	1.93	1.0 × 10⁻³⁶	160.2	–
				HLA-DPB1	9	Phenylalanine	1.31	1.0 × 10⁻¹⁹	82.6	–
				HLA-A	77	Asparagine	0.85	2.7 × 10⁻⁰⁸	30.9	–
East Asia	Korean	616	675	HLA-DRB1	11	–	–	–	–	6.1 × 10⁻³⁶	[17]
				HLA-DRB1	13	–	–	–	–	3.1 × 10⁻³⁶
	Korean and Chinese	2782	4315	HLA-DRB1	13	Histidine	2.03	–	–	6.9 × 10⁻¹³⁵	[19]
				HLA-DRB1	57	–	–	–	–	2.2 × 10⁻³³
				HLA-DRB1	74	–	–	–	–	1.1 × 10⁻⁰⁸
				HLA-DRB1	11	–	–	–	–	1.7 × 10⁻¹²⁹
				HLA-B	9	Aspartic acid	4.21	3.8 × 10⁻⁰⁶	21.4	–
				HLA-DPB1	9	Phenylalanine	1.26	3.0 × 10⁻⁰⁵	17.4	–
	Han Chinese	961	1812	HLA-DQA1	160	Aspartic acid	2.29	6.2 × 10⁻³⁶	156.6	–	[22]
				HLA-DRB1	11	Valine	1.79	2.1 × 10⁻¹³	53.9	–
				HLA-DRB1	37	Asparagine	0.49	5.8 × 10⁻¹⁶	65.5	–
Africa	African	266	362	HLA-DRB1	11	Valine	5.1	3.4 × 10⁻²⁶	112.1	–	[20]
Africa				HLA-DRB1	13	Histidine	6.1	1.2 × 10⁻²⁷	118.7	–
Malaysian*	Malay	311	981	HLA-DRB1	11	Valine	4.26	7.2 × 10⁻²⁹	121.1	–	–
	Chinese	167	204	HLA-DRB1	11	Valine	2.87	3.6 × 10⁻⁰⁷	25.9	–	–
	Indian	195	294	HLA-DRB1	96	Histidine	0.48	2.2 × 10⁻⁰⁸	31.3	–	–

The table compares the reported independent association between HLA amino acid variants and the risk of developing ACPA-positive RA in different populations. ACPA anti-citrullinated protein antibody, HLA human leukocyte antigen, DRB1 DR beta 1, DPB1 DP beta 1, DQA1 DQ alpha 1, DQB1 DQ beta 1, OR odds ratio, P p value; χ² chi-square, P_omnibus omnibus p value. *The Malaysian population comprising different ethnic groups: the Malay (i.e., predominant southeast Asian ethnic group) [25], Chinese (i.e., Han Chinese descendants of immigrants who arrived during the nineteenth and early twentieth from Southern China) [35], and Indian (Tamil descendants of immigrants who arrived during the nineteenth and early twentieth century from Southern India) [36]

ISSN: 1478-6362