Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients in the included studies
No. | Author, year | Country | Study population | Study type | Time span | Number of patients (gender) | Prognostic factors | Mortality rate (%) | NOS score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Zamora, 1997 | USA | SLE patients from a single cohort | Retrospective cohort study | 1984–1994 | 15 (10 females, 5 male) | CTX treatment, mechanical ventilator, infection | 42.1 | 8 |
2 | Chang, 2002 | China | SLE patients from a single cohort | Retrospective cohort study | 1994–2001 | 8 (all females) | APACHE II score, OSF score | 50.0 | 8 |
3 | Badsha, 2004 | Singapore | SLE patients from a single cohort | Retrospective cohort study | 1994–2001 | 22 (20 females, 2 males) | SLEDAI, SLAM | 36.4 | 8 |
4 | Kwok, 2011 | South Korea | SLE patients from a single cohort | Retrospective cohort study | 1993–2009 | 21 (19 females, 2 males) | Mechanical ventilator, infection | 61.9 | 9 |
5 | MartÃnez-MartÃnez, 2014 | Mexico | SLE patients from 9 cohorts | Retrospective cohort study | NA | 50 patients with 57 episodes (49 females, 8 males) | Creatinine, platelets, APACHE II score, mechanical ventilator, infection | 42.1 | 8 |
6 | Kim, 2017 | South Korea | SLE patients from a single cohort | Retrospective cohort study | 2004–2014 | 24 (all females) | Lupus nephritis, plasmapheresis, transfusion, mechanical ventilator | 29.2 | 9 |
7 | Quintana, 2019 | Colombia | SLE patients from a single cohort | Retrospective cohort study | 2011–2018 | 17 (11 females, 6males) | Disease duration, albumin, SLEDAI, inotropic/vasoactive use, mechanical ventilator | 29.4 | 7 |
8 | Sun, 2020 | China | SLE patients from a single cohort | Retrospective cohort study | 2004–2019 | 94 (82 females, 12 males) | Lupus nephritis, platelets, CTX treatment, mechanical ventilator | 38.3 | 9 |