Fig. 2

Mediators released by Th cells induce pro-inflammatory cytokine expression by SF but diminish their migration. Secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines correlates with enhanced glycolytic activity in SF. OASF and RASF were cultured in the presence or absence of ThCM. a After 4 days, the concentration of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and matrix metalloprotease (MMP)3 within the culture supernatants was quantified by ELISA (n = 10). b An in vitro scratch assay was performed to investigate the cell migration of SF cultured with or without ThCM (n = 6). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test