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Fig. 4 | Arthritis Research & Therapy

Fig. 4

From: Increase of aerobic glycolysis mediated by activated T helper cells drives synovial fibroblasts towards an inflammatory phenotype: new targets for therapy?

Fig. 4

Stimulation of SF by Th cells results in an enhanced expression of glycolytic enzymes. OASF and RASF were cultured under resting conditions or under stimulation by ThCM and cells were harvested on d4. a The mRNA expression of HK2, LDH-A, PKM2 and PFKp were determined by RT-PCR. Each bar indicates the mRNA expression of the corresponding gene as 2−deltaCT using β-actin mRNA expression as reference (n = 6). b Protein levels of HK2, LDH-A, PKM2 and PFKp were quantified by western blot. β-Actin was used as a loading control. The depictions are representative examples from one of three independent experiments. HK2, hexokinase 2; LDH-A, lactate dehydrogenase A; PKM2, pyruvate kinase M2; PFKp, phosphofructokinase p. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test

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